IMMUNITY

&
INFLAMMATION
IMMUNITY
 IMMUNITY

INNATE ADAPTIVE

NON
SPECIFIC ACTIVE PASSIVE
SPECIFIC
Character Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
Specificity Structures shared by Structural detail of microbial
classes of microbes molecules (antigens) & even non-
(PAMPs) microbial foreign bodies

Receptors: Encoded in the germline; Encoded by genes produced by

Limited diversity somatic recombination; Greater
diversity

Receptor Nonclonal: Identical Clonal: clones of lymphocytes

distribution: receptors on all cells of with distinct specificities express
same lineage different receptors

Discrimination of Yes. Yes.

self and non self
• Pattern recognition
receptors

PRRs
Signal transduction events promoting
PAMPs antimicrobial and proinflammatory function of the
cells in which the receptors are expressed

Proteins present in the blood and extracellular fluids, that recognize PAMPs.
Responsible for facilitating the clearance of microbes from blood and extracellular fluids
by enhancing uptake into cells or by activating extracellular killing mechanisms.
 INNATE
IMMUNITY

CELL-MEDIATED HUMORAL

Epithelial barriers Natural Antibodies

Phagocytes (Neutrophils and macrophages) Complement system
Dendritic cells Pentraxins
Natural Killer cells Collectins and ficolins
Mast cells
T and B lymphocytes with limited
antigen receptor specificities
EPITHELIAL CELLS
• Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular weight proteins
with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against
bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
MAST CELLS
• Immediate inflammation
• Receptors for complement components C3a & C5a & for antibodies
• Lysosomes – histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor, eosinophil
chemotactic factor & heparin.
• SRS-A, TNF-α, IL-6 & leukotriene C4.
DENDRITIC CELLS
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
• Intracellular viruses & bacteria
• Antigen receptors – KIR, KAR
• MHC I
PHAGOCYTES
• Neutrophils & Monocytes
• Receptors – CR1,3,4 &5
• Macrophages – T cells
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

• The complement system consists of several plasma proteins that work

together to opsonize microbes, to promote the recruitment of phagocytes to
the site of infection, and in some cases to directly kill the microbes.

proenzymes or
zymogens ACTIVE SITE
EXPOSED
ALTERNATE PATHWAY
LECTIN PATHWAY
Lectins - proteins that recognize and bind to specific carbohydrate targets

• Mechanism is more like that of the

classical pathway - action of C4 and
C2, to produce a C5 convertase

• MBL - acute phase protein produced

in inflammatory responses. Its
function is similar to that of C1q,
which it resembles in structure.
FUNCTIONS