MEKATRONIKA

Oleh :
Liman Hartawan

Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Fakultas Teknologi Industri
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL
 Sensor
Pustaka;
- The Mechatronics Handbook
- Introduction to Mchatronics and
Measurement Systems
Mechatronic System Components
 Pengertian
► Sensor is a device that when exposed to a
physical phenomenon (temperature,
displacement, force, etc.) produces a
proportional output signal (electrical,
mechanical, magnetic, etc.).
► Sensor is a device that responds to a
change in the physical phenomenon.
 TRANDUCER
► The term transducer is often used
synonymously with sensors.
► Transducer is a device that converts one
form of energy into another form of energy.
 SENSOR <=> TRANDUCER
► Sensors are transducers when they sense
one form of energy input and output in a
different form of energy.
► Ex. : a thermocouple responds to a
temperature change (thermal energy) and
outputs a proportional change in
electromotive force (electrical energy).
 MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES
► Linear/Rotational sensors
► Acceleration sensors
► Force, torque, and pressure sensor
► Flow sensors
► Temperature sensors
► Proximity sensors
► Light sensors
► Smart material sensors
► Micro- and nano-sensors
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (1/7)
► Linear/Rotational sensors
 Linear/Rotational variable differential transducer
(LVDT/RVDT)
 Optical encoder
 Electrical tachometer
 Hall effect sensor
 Capacitive transducer
 Strain gauge elements
 Interferometer
 Magnetic pickup
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (2/7)
► Acceleration sensors
 Seismic accelerometer
 Piezoelectric accelerometer
► Force, torque, and pressure sensor
 Strain gauge
 Dynamometers/load cells
 Piezoelectric load cells
 Tactile sensor
 Ultrasonic stress sensor
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (3/7)
► Flow sensors
 Pitot tube
 Orifice plate
 Flow nozzle, venturi tubes
 Rotameter
 Ultrasonic type
 Turbine flow meter
 Electromagnetic flow meter
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (4/7)
► Temperature sensors
 Thermocouples
 Thermistors
 Thermodiodes, thermo transistors
 RTD—resistance temperature detector
 Infrared type
 Infrared thermography
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (5/7)
► Proximity sensors
 Inductance, eddy current, hall effect,
photoelectric, capacitance, etc.
► Light sensors
 Photoresistors, photodiodes, photo transistors,
photo conductors, etc.
 Charge-coupled diode
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (6/7)
► Smart material sensors
 Optical fiber  Piezoelectric
► As strain sensor ► As strain sensor
► As level sensor ► As force sensor

► As force sensor ► As accelerometer

► As temperature sensor

 Magnetostrictive
► As force sensors
► As torque sensor
TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (7/7)
► Micro- and nano-sensors
 Micro CCD image sensor
 Fiberscope
 Micro-ultrasonic sensor
 Micro-tactile sensor
 Another Classified (1/2)
► Sensors classified as passive or active.
 In passive sensors, the power required to
produce the output is provided by the sensed
physical phenomenon itself (such as a
thermometer) whereas the active sensors
require external power source (such as a strain
gage).
 Another Classified (2/2)
► Sensorsclassified as analog or digital based on
the type of output signal.
 Analog sensors produce continuous signals that are
proportional to the sensed parameter and typically
require analog-to-digital conversion before feeding to
the digital controller.
 Digital sensors on the other hand produce digital
outputs that can be directly interfaced with the digital
controller.
 Often, the digital outputs are produced by adding an
analog-to-digital converter to the sensing unit.
 SELECTION CRITERIA
Static and dynamic factors must be considered in
selecting a suitable sensor to measure the desired
physical parameter.
► Range ► Zero Drift
► Resolution ► Response time
► Accuracy ► Bandwidth
► Precision ► Resonance
► Sensitivity ► Operating temperature
► Zero offset ► Deadband
► Linearity ► Signal-to-noise ratio
 Linear and Rotational Sensors
► Contact
► Infrared
► Resistive
► Tilt (Gravity)
► Capacitive
► AC Inductive
► DC Magnetic
► Ultrasonic
► Magnetostrictive Time-of-Flight
► Laser Interferometry
Distance Measuring and Proximity
Sensors
Light Detection, Image, and Vision
Systems
Terima kasih atas
perhatiannya

L.Hart
 Tugas
► Berikanlah 5 contoh sensor
 Sebutkanlah tujuan pengukuran (measurement
objective) dari masing-masing sensor tersebut.
 Sebutkanlah klasifikasi masing-masing sensor
tersebut berdasarkan kebutuhan sumber daya
tambahan (pasif atau aktif)
 Berdasarkan sinyal outputnya, sebutkanlah
kriteria sensor-sensor tersebut (analog atau
digital)
► Dikumpulkan minggu depan, pada saat
kuliah.