MINOR PROJECT ON

A LABORATORY STUDY ON THE

STABILIZATION OF MARAINE
CLAY USING SAWDUST & LIME
SUBMITTED BY:-
Manas Ranjan Dash 1621109106 GUIDED BY:-
Mr. PARITOSH PRADHAN
Kisan kumar Rout 1501109125 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Meetali Chindra 1621109113 PARALA MAHARAJA
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Purusottam Biswal 1501109151 BERHAMPUR
Som Prakash Jena 1501109174
WHAT WILL WE COVER !!!

 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 MATERIAL & METHADOLOGY
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
 SUMMARY
 1. INTRODUCTION

• Soil stabilization a general term for

any physical, chemical, biological
or combined method of changing
natural soil to meet an engineering
purpose.
• Stabilization can increase the
shear strength of a soil and/or
control the shrink-swell properties
of a soil, thus improving the load
bearing capacity of a sub-grade to
support pavements and
foundations.
 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

• The objectives of the present experimental study are

• To determine the properties of the Marine clay and Saw Dust.
• To evaluate the performance of Marine clay when stabilized with Saw
Dust as an admixture and its suitability for the pavement sub grade.
• To evaluate the performance of stabilized Marine clay with an optimum
of Sawdust, Lime and their suitability for the pavements.
 BENEFIT OF SOIL STABILIZATION
• Saves Money - Generally, there is no need for aggregates (and associated hauling).
• Savings by Design - Stabilized roads/bases are much stronger than conventional
granular sub base. Thus, you can reduce the asphalt thickness by 50%, and concrete
thickness by 30%. Concrete or blacktop can be laid directly onto stabilized soil.
Example: Chip sealing (instead of traditional 2-inch-thick HMA) is possible as
wearing course.
• Saves Time - Stabilization is very fast. Also, time associated with base preparation
(hauling of aggregates) is eliminated. Projects are less susceptible to rain/water/mud
related delays.
• Saves Maintenance Costs - Stabilized roads do not require as much maintenance as
compared to unstabilized roads. Pot-holes, rutting, mudding are virtually eliminated.
Funds normally earmarked for road maintenance can be utilized elsewhere.
 TYPE OF STABILIZATION

• MECHANIAL STABILIZATION
• LIME STABILIZATION
• CEMENT STABILIZATION
• FLY ASH STBILIZATION
• BITUMINOUS STABILIZATION
• ELECTRICAL STABILIZATION OR ELECTRO OSMOSIS
• GEOTEXTILE & FABRICS
• CHEMICAL STABILIZATION
• CALCIUM CHLORIDE
• SODIUM CHLORIDE
• SODIUM SILICATE
 WHAT IS LIME ?
• It is one of widely used soil stabilization
technique which is used for various types of
soil. For the most part, lime has been
considered as a good binding agent for soil
stabilization as it increases the strength,
durability, workability of the soil, as well as its
compressibility.
• There are basically five types of lime:
• High calcium, quick lime(CaO)
• Hydrated,
• Dolomite lime
• Normal, hydrated dolomitic lime
• Pressure
 SAWDUST
• Sawdust or wood dust is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such
as sawing, milling, planning, routing, drilling and sanding. It is composed of fine
particles of wood. These operations can be performed by woodworking machinery,
portable power tools or by use of hand tools. Wood dust is also the byproduct of certain
animals, birds and insects which live in wood, such as the woodpecker and carpenter ant.
In some manufacturing industries it can be a significant fire hazard and source of
occupational dust exposure.
• Sawdust is the main component of particleboard. Wood dust is a form of particulate
matter, or particulates. Research on wood dust health hazards comes within the field of
occupational health science, and study of wood dust control comes within the field of
indoor air quality engineering.
 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

A substantial literature has concluded the severity and

extent of damage inflicted by soil deposits of selling nature,
to various structures, throughout the world (Gana pathy,
1977; Jones and Jones, 1995; Abduljauwad, 1995; Osama and
Ahmed, 2002; Zhan, 2007). The loss caused due to damaged
structures proved the need for more reliable investigation,
of such soils and necessary methods to eliminate or reduce
the effect of soil volume change.
 3. METHOD & METHADOLOGY

Preparation of
Collection Of
representative Mix design
materials
sample

Results and Testing

Analysis
conclusions methods
 STABILIZATION PROCESS
After removing impurities like vegetation , stones etc. soil was mixed with fly ash with
varying proportion by volume . The mixing was thoroughly carried out manually and test
are conducted as per is standards .
• Marine clay is collected and its properties are identified.
• Sawdust content, where the sawdust content varied between 5% to 50 % of the total
weight of sample.
• Lime content, lime content varies between 2%-10% of the total weight of sample.
• Uniform mixing
• Compaction
• Curing
• Proctor test is done to find Optimum moisture content .
• Specific gravity of soil is found .
• Through Atterberg ‘s limit plastics limit and liquid limit of soil specimen is found .
• Unconfined strength is also done.
• The properties of soil to be improved.
 EXPERIMENT & INSTRUMENT

(ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST)  DETERMINE COMPRESSIVE

LIQUID LIMIT MEASURED STRENGTH OF SOIL AND ROCK
PLASTIC LIMIT IS MEASURED THAT POSSESS COHESION .
PLASTIC INDEX IS MEASURED
 CONT..
 The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of
experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at
which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its
maximum dry density.

This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by

using a pycnometer. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of
unit volume of soil at a stated temperature to the mass of the same
volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature.
 4. RESULT & DISCUSSION

 These are the results on the basis of the visual classification

• Colour -- Black colour
• Odour --Odour of decaying vegetation
• Texture -- Fine grained
 Property of soil :-
LIQUID LIMIT :- TABLE 4.1
SAMPLE NO LIQUID LIMIT(WL) AVG . LIQUID LIIT
1 72.30
2 75.90 74.50
3 75.30
 CONT..

 PLASTIC LIMIT :- TABLE 4.2

TABLE NO. PLASTIC LIMIT(WP) AVG . PLASTIC LIMIT
1 24.5
2 26.80 26.90
3 29.40

* PLASTIC LIMIT OF MARAINE CLAY IS FOUND TO BE = 26.9

 PLASTIC INDEX(IP) : - LIQUID LIMIT (WL) – PLASTIC LIMIT (WP)
= 74.5 – 26.9
= 47.6
 CONT..
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY :- TABLE 4.3
SAMPLE NO . SPECIFIC GRAVITY AVG . SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1 2.4
2 2.1 2.35
3 2.55

specific gravity of sample = 2.35

 TABLE NO – 4.4 :- OMC & MDD ARE CALCULTED
SAMPLE O.M.C 35%
SAMPLE M.D.D 1.27 gm/cc
 CONT...

1.5
Maximum dry density (gm/cc)

0.5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50

Optimum moisture content (%)

 5.SUMMARY

• lime reacts chemically with silica and alumina in soils and forms natural cement composed
of calcium-alumina-silicate.
• In lime stabilization, liquid limit decreases, plastic limit increases, plasticity index
decreases. Soil becomes more friable and workable.
• The strength of the soil is improved. Unconfined compressive strength & CBR value also
increase in the compressive resistance with the increase in time.
• Soil resistance to water absorption, capillary rise and volume changes on wetting or
drying is increased.
• The reaction is very quick and stabilization of soil starts within a few hours.
• Further work shall be continued!!!!!!!
 FUTURE SCOPE

• After marine clay test we are further calculation of properties

of sawdust, properties of lime, MDD value of marine clay &
sawdust and MDD of marine clay, sawdust & lime, OMC &
MDD of design mix, specific gravity also going to calculating
of design mix, CBR value are going to calculated After that
we conclude about the stabilization of soil.
 REFERANCE

• International journal of scientific Research Engineering and technology(USRET),ISSN

2278-0882 Volume 4,Issue 7, July 2015
• Lime-treated soil construction manual published By National Lime Association.
• Highway Engineering By S.K Khanna & C.E.G Justo
• http;//en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/soil stabilization
• The National Lime Association-http;//lime.org/
• IS 2720(part 1-5,7,10,16),Indian Standard Methods of Tests for soils.