IID 2009, FKA, 30th September 2009

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF WALL-SLAB CONNECTION OF IBS UNDER OUT-OF-PLANE

REVERSIBLE QUASI-STATIC CYCLIC LOADING
By
Nor Hayati Abdul Hamid,Mohd Ashaari Masrom
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Teknologi Mara,Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT
It was discovered through an inspection that 30 percent of 65 buildings in entire country inclusion of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Klang are vulnerable to earthquake risk
(Utusan newspaper, 2009). In fact, less than one percent of building in Malaysia are comply with the specification of seismic loading effect. In conjunction with that, it is vital to
have a lot of study and research regarding the tunnel form building in term of their performance under seismic loading. Connections between floor slab and shear walls
constitute an essential link in the lateral load-resisting mechanism of slab-wall of reinforced concrete building. The seismic performance of wall-slab joint influences the pattern
and distribution of lateral forces among the vertical elements of a structure. This study presents the results of an experimental investigation on the seismic performance of wall-
slab connection which designed in accordance to BS 8110. The experiment work includes full-scale test of wall-slab connection under reversible lateral cyclic loading. This
study focuses on ductility, strength, stiffness, damage pattern and modes of failure for wall-slab connection. The results indicate that the wall-slab connection was governed by
brittle failure modes in reinforced concrete. This is due to low ductility which caused the connection cannot absorb energy efficiently and further undergoes inelastic
deformation. In fact, the brittle failure modes did not allow the energy dissipation and lead to sudden failure without warning to the structures as experienced by the RC
buildings during earthquakes.

LABORATORY WORKS EXPERIMENTAL WORKS

PRODUCT
Detailing of sample was adopted from Kristal apartment as shown in Figure
1.The sample is comprise of wall-slab supported by foundation as shown in
Figure 2. Double layer of steel fabric (type B-385) with 7mm diameter of
longitudinal and transverse wires were used in the slab and wall panel. The
wall height is limited to 1500mm whilst the length of slab is 2000mm
measured from the wall surface and the thickness of both of them is
100mm. The length, width and thickness of foundation are 1800mm,
Placing reinforcement into
900mm, 375mm respectively. Cutting & bending wire mesh
tunnel form

Instalment of LVDT

Sample ready for testing Set-up tunnel form to foundation

Figure 1: Kristal apartment Figure 2:Sample dimension

RESULTS

Concreting Sample under testing

UNIQUENESS

The wall-slab constructed by using tunnel form system (IBS) give much advantages
comparing with the conventional system. Preparation of formwork is require before
concreting can be carried out in the conventional system. It was reported that there are
many problem faced in wall-slab construction under conventional method such as left over
of concrete, honey comb in structure and so on. In contrast, by using tunnel form system
the high quality, reduction of labour, faster construction, and lower cost can be achieved.
NOVELTY OF THE PRODUCT

The application of tunnel form building system in construction may realize the vision of
Malaysia construction industry towards the Industrialized Building System (IBS). The
characteristic of tunnel form building which lead to faster construction and reduce number
of workers are very useful and lucrative in order to create a healthy development in
construction industry.
CONCLUSIONS
DAMAGE PATTERN
Connections between floor slabs and shear walls constitute a potential weak link in the
structures resisting lateral forces because of the critical stress combinations that develop
in those regions during lateral sway. Many cracks have propagated in the vicinity of the
wall-slab connection. Most of the cracks developed on the rear wall, bottom of slab and
wall-slab connection surface. The wall-slab connection was governed by brittle modes
failure. This is due to low ductility which causes the connection could not absorb more
energy and further undergo inelastic deformation. The minimum amount of vertical
and horizontal steel at the wall-slab connection was unable to carry the additional load,
therefore following the cracking of concrete, longitudinal reinforcements yielded and
ruptured suddenly without warning. The wall stiffness degrades gradually up to 2.0%
drift. The abrupt change of stiffness in the wall due to sudden drop in lateral load was
occurred at 2.1% drift. The failure of wall-slab connection subjected to lateral cyclic loading
is identical with respect to failure under monotonic loading.