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GELOMBANG RADIO
BAND FREKUENSI RADIO (ITU)
• ELF
3-30 Hz Extremely Low Frequency
• SLF
30-300 Hz Super Low Frequency
• ULF
300 Hz-3 kHz Ultra Low Frequency
• VLF
3-30 kHz Very Low Frequency
• LF
30-300 kHz Low Frequency
• MF
300 kHz-3 MHz Medium Frequency
• HF
3-30 MHz High Frequency
• VHF
30-300 MHz Very High Frequency
• UHF
300 MHz-3 GHz Ultra High Frequency
• SHF
3-30 GHz Super High Frequency
• EHF
30-300 GHz Extremely High Frequency
BAND FREKUENSI RADIO (IEEE) (ALTERNATIF)
• P Band 0.23 - 1 GHz
• L-Band 1 - 2 GHz
• S-Band 2 - 4 GHz
• C-Band 4-8 GHz
• X-Band 8-12.5 GHz
• Ku-Band 12.5-18 GHz
• K Band 18-26.5 GHz
• Ka Band 26.5-40 GHz
• U Band 40-60 GHz
Sistem Komunikasi Radio yang sederhana
Atmosfir dari Bumi
Troposphere :
Stratosphere : 20 – 50 km
Ionosphere :
Note :
The Earth’s ionosphere extends approximately from a height
of 50 km to a height of 2 000 km.
MEKANISME
PERAMBATAN
Ground wave :
A radio wave basically determined by the properties of the
ground which propagates in the troposphere and which is mainly
due to diffraction around the Earth.
navigasi,
Space wave propagation
line-of-sight propagation :
Propagation between two points for which the direct ray is
sufficiently clear of obstacles for diffraction to be of negligible
effect.
free-space propagation :
Propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a homogeneous
ideal dielectric medium which may be considered of infinite
extent in all directions.
Note :
For propagation in free space, the magnitude of each vector of the
electromagnetic field in any given direction from the source beyond a
suitable distance determined by the size of the source and the wavelength
is proportional to the reciprocal of the distance from the source.
Impedance of free space :
That is, Z0 = |E|/|H|, where |E| is the electric field strength and
|H| magnetic field strength.
But if there are obstacles near the path, the radio waves
reflecting off those objects may arrive out of phase with the
signals that travel directly and reduce the power of the received
signal.
• Sinyal pada VHF dan range yang lebih tinggi tidak selamanya
dapat dikembalikan ke bumi oleh ionosphere
• Kebanyakan komunikasi terrestrial menggunakan frekuensi-
frekuensi yang diradiasikan langsung dari pemancar ke
penerima
• Tipe propagasi ini disebut propagasi gelombang ruang
(space-wave), garis pandang (line-of-sight), atau propagasi
troposfer
Persamaan Line-of-Sight
LOS, secara optik (Penerima harus bisa
melihat pemancar) :
d 3.57 h
LOS efektif, atau radio (Penerima bisa
“melihat” sinyal yang dikirim) :
d 3.57 h
d = jarak antara antenna dan horizon (km)
h = Tinggi antenna (m)
K = faktor kelengkungan bumi, karena sifat
refraksi, misal : K = 4/3
Rugi Free Space
Rugi Ruang bebas, antena isotropik
ideal
Pt
4d
2
4fd
2
Pr 2
c2
c = Kecepatan cahaya (3 10
-8 m/s)
berubah.
Gelombang akan dibelokkan pada bidang batas antar
medium
Propagasi Gelombang Angkasa
(Sky Wave)
Radio CB
Ringkasan Mode Propagasi
Semoga Bermanfaat