Structure and Written

Expression
Member Group 5
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Edoardo Tobing Aprilia Frinanda Tedy Wiku Setiaji Amrupranadi Muhammad Afriliani M. Handini
Part Of Speech
We are very glad to meet you. SLIDE 3

 Part of Speech
What we are talking  Derivative Word
about today.  Phrase and Clause.
Section 01
Part of Speech
Part of Speech
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Definition

The definition of a part of speech is a class of words based on the word's

function, the way it works in a sentence. The parts of speech are noun, verb,
adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
Part of Speech
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Pronoun

A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some

examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Sample Sentences:
~ Edoardo makes a bauxite potential mapping project. It very important map
The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
Part of Speech
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Verb

This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist. Simply put, this is a word
that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence.
Examples of “State of Being Verbs” : am, is, was, are, and were
Sample Sentences:
~ At the field, amru blasting a dynamite for seismic method
The italicized word expresses the action of the subject “amru”
~ They are persevering explorasionist
The verb “are” refers to the state of being of the pronoun “they,” which is the subject in the sentence.
Part of Speech
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Preposition

This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
Examples of Prepositions: above, below, throughout, outside, before, near, and since
Sample Sentences:
~ Study reference must be done before practice
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “study reference,” and tells
when before doing practice
Part of Speech
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Interjection

This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to convey
strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.
Examples of Interjections:
Sample Sentences:
~ Hey! Lets doing right now.
~ wow ! We get accurate data.
The bold words attached to the main sentences above are examples of interjections.
Part of Speech
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Noun

This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns
are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary
school.
Examples:

1. Tom Hanks is very versatile.

The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.
2. Dogs can be extremely cute.
In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.
3. It is my birthday.
The word “birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.
Part of Speech
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Adjective

This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the quality, the size,
and the number of nouns or pronouns.
Example:
1. The carvings are intricate.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun “carvings.”
2. I have two hamsters.
The italicized word “two,” is an adjective which describes the number of the noun “hamsters.”
3. Wow! That doughnut is huge!
The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun “doughnut.”
Part of Speech
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Adverb

Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs describe
adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
The different types of adverbs are:
Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.
Example: Annie danced gracefully.
The word “gracefully” tells how Annie danced.
Adverb of Time- this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done.
Example: She came yesterday.
The italicized word tells when she “came.”
Part of Speech
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Adverb

Adverb of Place– this tells something about “where” something happens or ”where” something is done.
Example: Of course, I looked everywhere!
The adverb “everywhere” tells where I “looked.”
Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.
Example: The child is very talented.
The italicized adverb answers the question, “To what degree is the child talented?”
Part of Speech
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Conjuction

The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.
Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so
Sample Sentences:

1. This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.

2. Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.
3. Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.
The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
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Section 2
Derivative
Derivatives
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Derivatives are words that are derived from other words, called root words. They are formed by adding an affix to the root words.

Various kinds of derivatives on the part of speech as follows.

Noun derivation, ex : intimacy, constant, dan fishery.
Adjective derivation, ex : silken, lifelike, dan fragile.
Verb derivation, ex : widen dan flicker.
Adverb derivation, ex : along, tightly, dan anywhere.
Derivatives
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Here are some examples of derivatives of the word inform (verb) and active (adjective).
Inform (verb)
Information (Noun), by adding the suffix—> –ation
Informative (Adjective), by adding the suffix—> –ative
Informatively (Adverb), by adding the suffix—> –ative dan –ly

Active (adjective)
Activate (Verb), by adding the suffix—> –ate
Activation (Noun), by adding the suffix—> –ation
Actively (Adverb), by adding the suffix—> –ly
Derivatives
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Dense (Noun) Density

The density of the crust is determined by the type of rocks that make up that area.

Discover (Verb) Discovery

Geology and geophysics as successful tools in the discovery of the Lagoa Salgada Orebody.

Continue (Verb) Continuous

A continuous plate-tectonic model using geophysical data to estimate plate margin widths
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Section 3
Phrase and Clause
Phrase and Clause
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Phrase

A phrase is a group words that do not contain the subject-verb. There are types of phrase.
oNoun Phrase
oAdjective Phrase
oAdverb Phrase
oPrepositional Phrase
oInfinitve Phrase
oGerund Phrase
oParticiple Phrase
Phrase and Clause
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Phrase

o Noun Phrase
A noun phrase (NP) is a noun that can substitute for a noun. Noun phrases function as subjects, objects, and complements
Ex: This book is old.
The smartest student is learning geophysic in the classroom.

b. Adjective Phrase
Is a group of words that describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. The adjective in an adjective phrase can appear at
the start, end, or in the middle of the phrase and can be placed before, or after, the noun or pronoun in the sentence.
Ex: He whom we talked to just now is a geophysicist.
Phrase and Clause
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Phrase

c. Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase is simply two or more words that act as an adverb. It can modify a verb, adverb, or adjective
Ex: Meet me at the campus.

d. Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional phrase is a group of words that begin with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun and can act as an
adjective, adverb in a sentence (adjective phrase).
Ex: They couldn’t do anything during the storm.
Phrase and Clause
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Phrase

e. Infinitive Phrase
An infinitive phrase will begin with an infinitive. It will often include objects and/or modifiers that complete the thought and can
function as a noun, adjective or adverb.
Ex: His dream is to be a geophysicist.

f. Gerund Phrase
A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund and will often include other modifiers and/or objects. Gerund phrases always
function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence.
Ex: I begin studying Geophysic seriously.
Phrase and Clause
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Phrase

g. Participle Phrase
Is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier and/or nouns, pronouns or noun phrases that function
as the direct objects, indirect objects, or complements of the action or state expressed in the participle.
Ex: Studying Geophysic, They used the gps and compass.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

Clauses is a group of word with both a subject and verb.

What’s the differences between a phrase and clause?

A phrase does not include a subject and a verb relationship.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

There are two types of clauses:

Independent
• An independent clause is a clause that can stand on its own, by itself. It does not need to be joined to any other
clauses, because it contains all the information necessary to be a complete sentences.
• A dependent clause is a clause that does not express a complete thought.
• Independent clauses are sometimes called essential or restrictive clauses.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

Independent clauses can be connected in a variety of ways:

1. By a comma and little conjuction (and, but,or,nor,for,yet,and sometimes so)
2. By a semicolon, by itself.
3. By a semicolon accompanie by a conjuctive adverb (such a however, moreover, nevertheless, as a result,
consequently, etc)
4. And, of course, independent clause are often not connected by punctuation at all but are separated by a period.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

Dependent
A clause that cannot stand by itself.
It depends on something else, an independent clause, for its meaning.
A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a sentence fragment.
Dependent clauses are sometimes called subordinate , nonessential, or nonrestrictive clauses.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

Example of Independent Clauses

Glaciers often leave behind holes in the ground.
Glaciers also leave behind enormous deposites of glacial “ garbage” these deposites are called morains.
Phrase and Clause
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Clause

Example of Dependent Clause

Magma formed when hot (very hot) rocks experience a drop in surrounding pressure, or when subducted wet
lithosphere is introduced into the mantle.
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