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S E G I T I G A
 Ternary Phase Diagram
Diagrams that represent the equilibrium
between the various phases that are formed
between three components, as a function of
temperature.
The concentration of each of the three
Components – Can be expressed as either
“wt. %” or “molar %”

Sum of the concentration of the three

components must add up to 100%

The Gibbs Triangle: An equilateral

triangle on which the pure components
are represented by each corner used to
determine the overall composition
 Contoh
C diagram segitiga
kosong
 Contoh
diagram segitiga
kosong
 Sebenarnya
posisi A, B, dan C
bisa dimana saja
 Posisi A, B, dan C yang umum
SOLUT

DILUEN SOLVEN
ATURAN Hukum
GARIS penjumlahan massa

Lever Arm Rule

• Dalam hal ini solut berupa asam asetat (acetic acid)
semula terlarut dalam diluen berupa air (water)
• Asam asetat diekstraksi dengan solven berupa
isopropil eter (isopropyl ether)
A: Water
B: Isopropyl Ether
C: Acetic Acid
 Aturan Umum
Khusus untuk diagram segitiga sama sisi, dan bisa
berbeda untuk berbagai literatur:
Solut biasanya terletak di puncak
Diluen biasanya terletak di kiri
Solven biasanya terletak di kanan

Dalam satu segitiga:

Lokasi titik komponen menunjukkan skala 100%
Awali dari dasar (alas) segitiga, arah skala ke kanan
Arah di sisi segitiga yang lain mengikuti dengan
prinsip melingkar
Skala A, B, dan C
Contoh:
A=40%
B=20%
C=40%
TRIANGULAR GRID METHOD
TRIANGULAR GRID
METHOD
 ALTITUDE METHOD
• For phase diagrams that do not possess grid
lines, the easiest way to determine the
composition is to set the altitude of the
triangle to 100% and determine the shortest
distances from the point of interest to each of
the three sides.
• By Viviani's theorem, the distances (the ratios
of the distances to the total height of 100%)
give the content of each of the species, as
shown in the following figure.
ALTITUDE METHOD
TWO LINE METHOD
TWO LINE
METHOD
 INTERSECTION METHOD
• This method is based upon a larger number of
measurements, but does not require the drawing of
perpendicular lines.
• Straight lines are drawn from each corner, through the
point of interest, to the opposite side of the triangle. The
lengths of these lines, as well as the lengths of the
segments between the point and the corresponding
sides, are measured individually.
• Ratios can then be determined by dividing these
segments by the entire corresponding line as shown in
the following figure.
(The sum of the ratios should add to 1).
INTERSECTION METHOD
 CONTOH DATA

Sample Organic
Clay Sand Notes
# matter
Because organic matter and clay make up 90%
Sample 1 80% 10% 10% of this sample, the proportion of sand must be
10%.
The proportion of sand is 10% in this sample
Sample 2 50% 40% 10% too, but the proportions of organic matter and
clay are different.
This sample has the same proportion of clay
as in Sample 2 does, but because it has a
Sample 3 10% 40% 50% smaller proportion of organic matter, the
proportion of sand must be larger, because all
samples' proportions must sum to 100%.
 URUTAN PENGALURAN
UNTUK SAMPLE-1
1

3
HASIL UNTUK
SAMPLE-1, 2, 3
Dari Geankoplis:
 SEGITIGA
SAMA
KAKI

Fig. 4
This Demonstration shows two ways to represent a ternary phase diagram, which is used to
represent the phase behavior of three-component mixtures. These diagrams are labeled with
solute, solvent, and carrier as the three components used is liquid-liquid extraction. Select
either a right or an equilateral triangular diagram with buttons. When the "phase envelope"
button is unchecked, the diagrams are for a completely miscible system (to better understand
the diagrams), but selecting "phase envelope" represents the type of diagram important for
liquid-liquid extraction. The region inside the phase envelope consists of two phases in
equilibrium: the raffinate (green) and the extract (pink). The black point, which can be dragged
to any location within the triangle, represents the composition of the mixture, and each corner
of the triangle is a pure component. The mass fractions of each phases(s) present are displayed
in a table or tables. Select "solute" (blue), "solvent" (purple), or "carrier" (orange) next to "show
labels" to view their mass fractions next to their corresponding axis. Select "grid lines" to display
a grid on the phase diagram. These diagrams can also be drawn using mole fractions instead of
mass fractions.
 Kesesuaian antara
Diagram segitiga dengan diagram Nernst