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Secondary
Sedimentation Sludge
Disinfection
Sludge
TYPICAL AERIAL VIEW
OF A WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
Wastewater Treatment
Primary – Removes Solids
Physical Operations – Screening , Sedimentation
Chemical
– Organics, Inorganics
Biological
– Animals, Plants, Microorganisms
Typical WW Characteristics
Parameter Conc.
BOD 250 mg/L
TSS 250 mg/L
COD 500 mg/L
Ammonia 30 mg/L
TOC 100 mg/L
Chloride + 50 mg/L
Solids: significance
TDS: used as a measure of inorganic salt
content in drinking waters and natural
waters
TSS: used to assess clarifier performance
VSS: used to estimate bacterial populations
in wastewater treatment systems
Solids Analysis
TS Total Solids
Filtration
filtrate retained matter
ignition
DO i - DO f
BOD t =
Vs
Vb
Where
BODt = biochemical oxygen demand at t days, [mg/L]
DOi = initial dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle,
[mg/L]
DOf = final dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle, [mg/L]
Vb = sample bottle volume, usually 300 or 250 mL, [mL]
Vs = sample volume, [mL]
BOD - Oxygen Consumption
y
NBOD
or
BOD
(mg/L) CBOD
Time
L=oxidizable carbonaceous material remaining to be oxidized
BODt yt Lo Lt
BOD - loss of biodegradable
organic matter (oxygen demand)
Lo
L or BOD remaining
Lt Lo-Lt = BODt
Time
k T k 20o C T 20o C
NBOD
Nitrogeneous BOD (NBOD)
NH3 15
. O2
NO H2 O H
Nitrosomonas
2
1
NO O2 NO3
Nitrobacter
2
2
2 moles oxygen/1 mole of ammonia
4.57 grams oxygen/gram ammonia-nitrogen
Condensor
O2
TOC - UV/persulfate Instrument
Syringe
Sample
CO2 Detector Recorder
Inlet
Condensor
UV Reactor
O2
Persulfate
Solution
TOC - The CO2 Detector
Sensing Demodulator
Chopper Cell Amplifier
IR
Reference
Source
Sample
In Out