Fourth

Meeting
(IV)

SEHAT DAN SAKIT

HEALTH AND ILLNESS

Arum Pratiwi
DEFINISI SEHAT
Definitions of Health States
• Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of
disease (WHO)

Sehat adalah kondisi kesejahteraan yang meliputi fisik, mental dan sosial tidak
hanya absen dari penyakit
• Illness: the unique response of a person to a disease

Sakit adalah respon yang spesifik oleh seorang individu dari penyakit
• Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual

Kesejahteraan adalah kondisi aktif, dankemampuan beradaptasi atau

berorientasi terhadap realita
 DIMENSI KESEHATAN
• Dimensi fisik — genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and
gender
• Dimensi emosi — Bagaimana pikiran berafek pada fingsi tubuh dan
berespon terhadap kondisi tubuh
• Dimensi Intellectual — cognitive abilities, educational background, and
past experiences
• Dimensi lingkungan — housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food,
and water
• Dimensi Sociocultural — economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
• Spiritual dimension — spiritual beliefs and values
MODEL SEHAT SAKIT
• The agent-host-environment model: The agent, host, and environment
interact in ways that create risk factors.
• The health-illness continuum: Views health as a constantly changing state
with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum
• The high-level wellness model
• The health belief model
• The health promotion model
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STATUS
KESEHATAN
• Resiko terhadap penyakit : Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Health habits,
Lifestyle, Environment

• Factors in the human dimensions that influence health-illness

status
• Keyakinan dan perilaku
• Kebutuhan dasar manusia : teory maslow
• Konsep diri (Self-concept) : incorporates how the person feels about
self AND the way he/she perceives his/her physical self (self-esteem and
body image) : Bagaimana seseorang merasa tentang dirinya dan cara dia
merasakan fisik nya (harga diri dan citra tubuh)
Basic Human Needs (Maslow)
Factors That Influence a
Person’s Self Concept

• Past experiences : Pengalaman masa lalu

• Interpersonal interactions : Interaksi peersonal
• Physical and cultural influences : Pengaruh fisik dan budaya
• Education: Pendidikan
Types of Illness
• Acute illness
• Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
• Examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold

• Chronic illness
• A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations
• Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus
Chronic Illness

Physical and mental alterations in health WITH one or more of

the following:
• Permanent change
• Causes or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal
anatomy and physiology
• Requires special ed for rehab
• Requires long period of care or support
Stages of Illness Behavior
• Experiencing symptoms
• Assuming the sick role
• Assuming a dependent role
• Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Levels of Preventive Care
• Primary prevention — e.g., diet, exercise, immunizations
• Secondary prevention — e.g., screenings, mammograms, family
counseling
• Tertiary prevention — e.g., medications, surgical treatment,
rehabilitation
DISCUSSION SESSION