6 - Climate Change Carbon Cycling

Google Activity
 Group 1 conservative #, Group 2 highest # possible
1. What is the average miles/gallon for a car?

2. What is the average miles driven/car each year?
3. What is the average consumption of gasoline per/car each year (per
gallon)?
4. How many pounds of CO2 does 1 gallon of burned gasoline produce?
5. How many tons of CO2 does each car in the US produce each year?
6. How many cars are in the US today?
7. How many cars are in the world today?
8. How much C02 does the US produce each year from cars?
9. How much C02 does the world produce each year from cars?
10.Is our most conservative estimate conservative?
11.What other factors contribute to CO2 production?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Google Activity
 Group 1 conservative #, Group 2 highest # possible

3. What is the average consumption of gasoline per/car each year (per
gallon)?
9. How much C02 does the world produce each year from cars?
10.Is our most conservative estimate conservative?
11.What other factors contribute to CO2 production?

Google Activity
24.7
13500
3. What is the average consumption of gasoline per/car each year (per gallon)?
546.5 gallons a year
19.8 lbs
5.410 tons
254,212,610
500,000,000
1,318,600,808 tons/year
9. How much C02 does the world produce each year from cars alone?
2,593,500,000 tons/year
10. Is our most conservative estimate conservative?
11. What other factors contribute to CO2 production?
How long do we live? What about energy plants? What about concrete production? What about….?
2.8 trillion miles of driving in 1995…(sun and back 13440 times)

4.0 Global Warming or Global Weirding
 Does it exist?
 What is responsible?
 Do I care?
 Do I want to help?
 How can I help?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Xsm9p3nW6b4
 But if the planet is warming why is it so cold?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDTUuckNHgc
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

W. R. L. Anderegg, “Expert Credibility in Climate Change,” Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences Vol. 107 No. 27, 12107-12109 (21 June 2010); DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1003187107.
Volcanoes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWXoRSIxyIU

Volcanoes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWXoRSIxyIU
 NASA and NOAA

 2016: hottest year on record (2014, 2015 before that)
 2017 is likely to be as hot but maybe a bit less.
 2015 was 20% hotter than 2014
 10/12 months were the warmest months on record (back 136 years)
 December 2015 is first month to reach “>2 C degree threshold”

Life in the Greenhouse

Life in the Greenhouse
 Effects of global warming:

 Rise in sea levels
 1.5 m by 2050
 Global melting of glaciers
 Most gone by 2050
 More severe storms
 >97% of scientists agree that global warming is

occurring
 human activities are at least part of the reason.

4.1 The Greenhouse Effect
Less heat escapes.
Sun rays
Heat is trapped.
Earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JX-ioSmNW8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlu21CNd34Q
 Sunlight warms the

surface of the Earth. Sun rays
Less heat escapes.
Heat is trapped.
Earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JX-
ioSmNW8


Less heat escapes.
 Most of the warmth

radiates into space.
Heat is trapped.
Earth
ioSmNW8


Less heat escapes.

 Some is absorbed by
gases in the Heat is trapped.
atmosphere, making
the Earth warmer.
Earth
ioSmNW8


Less heat escapes.

 Some is absorbed by
gases in the Heat is trapped.
atmosphere, making
the Earth warmer.
 Increased amounts of Earth
“greenhouse gases”
result in more
absorption leading to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JX-
ioSmNW8
higher temperatures.

 Heat is the total amount of energy in a

substance.
 Temperature measures the intensity of heat –
how rapidly molecules are moving.
 Earth’s water plays a major role in moderating
temperatures.

Sun
 Water has a high capacity to

Heat
(a) Water molecules

absorb and release heat, due to
hydrogen bonding between Hydrogen
bonds
molecules.
 Also serves a sink for CO2 (b) Heat absorbed
 As oceans warm, “sink” less CO2

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlu21CNd34Q Hydrogen
bonds
break
(c) Heat released; water cools
Hydrogen
bonds
reform

4.2 The Flow of Carbon
 Carbon cycles between living organisms,
the atmosphere, bodies of water, and the
soil.
Carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o4ODWMZq5U

 Measurements of CO2 from Antarctic ice cores

shows an increase over past 50 years.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9ob9WdbXx0
CO2 concentration (parts per million)
Average concentration of CO2

is steadily increasing.
CO2 fluctuates yearly

because photosynthesis is
suppressed in the winter.
Year
Figure 4.5

 In 2008, ice cores show current CO2 levels are the highest in
the last 650,000 years
 Temperature & CO2 levels are correlated
 Not just temperature is a problem…
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgdlAt4CR-4
Ice core temperature (degrees C)
CO2 concentration (parts per million)

CO2 concentration
Temperature
Years before present

Causes of Global Warming


 Predictions are based on computer models

 Negative feedbacks negate change
 Higher temperatures produce more clouds,
reduces warming and thus energy input
 Positive feedbacks enhance change
 Melting ice reduces reflectiveness of the
Earth and thus temperatures rise

4.5 Predictions: Effects of Global Warming
Predictions
 Effects on Earth’s biomes
 If average temperature
increases 3.5oC

 Fossil fuels
 Deforestation
 Industrialization
 …

4.2 Indicators of Climate Change
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L72G8TLtTCk
 Carbon footprint:
 http://www.earthday.org/footprint-calculator
 http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator/index.htm
 Earthday.net
 http://www.myfootprint.org/

6 - Climate Change Carbon Cycling

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Google Activity

 Group 1 conservative #, Group 2 highest # possible

1. What is the average miles/gallon for a car?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

1. What is the average miles/gallon for a car?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 But if the planet is warming why is it so cold?

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 NASA and NOAA

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Effects of global warming:

 >97% of scientists agree that global warming is

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Sunlight warms the

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

 Sunlight warms the

 Most of the warmth

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

 Sunlight warms the

 Most of the warmth

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

 Sunlight warms the

 Most of the warmth

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1

 Heat is the total amount of energy in a

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Water has a high capacity to

(a) Water molecules

 As oceans warm, “sink” less CO2

(c) Heat released; water cools

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.2

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.3

 Measurements of CO2 from Antarctic ice cores

Average concentration of CO2

CO2 fluctuates yearly

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

CO2 concentration (parts per million)

Years before present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.7

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Predictions are based on computer models

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

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