purpose

• The materials of modern pneumatic tires are made up of synthetic,

natural, fabric and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical
compounds.
• They consist of a tread and a body.
• The tread provides traction while the body provides containment for
a quantity of compressed air.
function
• Tyres are designed to support the weight of the vehicle,
• absorb road shocks, transmit traction, torque and braking forces to
the road surface and maintain and change the direction of travel. ...
• The carcass protects the inner tube inflated with high-pressure air
and supports the vehicle load.
HISTORY
• Robert W. Thomson, a Scottish engineer, first patented the air-filled
tire. ,
• In 1888, Benz invented the first gasoline car
• equipped with unique metal tires covered with rubber and filled with
air, resulting in the pneumatictire. ...
• Popular use of the pneumatic tire began in 1895 and it was featured
in an automobile race from Paris to Bordeaux.
Why is rubber used for Tyres?
• Tires are made up of rubber because rubber can withstand wear and
tear, and the substance offers a high level of grip even when the roads
are wet. Tires are made from synthetic rubber and not
pure rubber from rubber trees.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• mixing of raw materials to form the rubber compound.
• Railcars deliver large quantities of natural and synthetic rubber, carbon black,
sulfur, and other chemicals and oils, all of which are stored until needed.
• 2 Each mix is then remilled with additional heating to soften the batch and mix
the chemicals.
• In a third step, the batch goes through a mixer again, where additional chemicals
are added to form what is known as the final mix.
• During all three steps of mixing, heat and friction are applied to the batch to
soften the rubber and evenly distribute the chemicals.
• The chemical composition of each batch depends on the tire part—certain rubber
formulations are used for the body, other formulas for the beads, and others for
the tread
• The tire is an assembly of numerous components that are
built up on a drum and then cured in a press under heat and
pressure. Heat facilitates a polymerization reaction that
crosslinks rubber monomers to create long elastic.
Here is a chart denoting tyre speed ratings commonly available in India:

Speed Max speed Category

Symbol (Kmph)
Available in
Q 160
MUV tyres
S 180 Available in
T 190 standard tyres
H 210 Speeds of H &
above are
V 240 considered high
speeds
W 270 Available in
Premium
category tyres
Y 300 and premium/
luxury
imported cars
Here is a chart denoting tyre speed ratings commonly available in India:

Speed Max speed Category

Symbol (Kmph)
Available in
Q 160
MUV tyres
S 180 Available in
T 190 standard tyres
H 210 Speeds of H &
above are
V 240 considered high
speeds
W 270 Available in
Premium
category tyres
Y 300 and premium/
luxury
imported cars