RISK FACTOR

Adjustable risk factors

• Tobacco smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• High total and LDL cholesterol
• Low HDL cholesterol
• Obesity (central abdominal)
• Lack of physical activity
 Cont.. RISK FACTOR
Non Adjustable Risk Factor
• Aging
• Gender
• Ethnic Background
• Family History of Premature coronary heart
disease
 CAUSE
• coronary atherosclerosis
• decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of
the blood (eg, anemia)
• increase in the ventricular workload (eg,
hypertension and aortic stenosis).
 UNSTABLE ANGINA
Unstable angina is a chest discomfort with at
least one of the following features:
1. Occurs at rest (or minimal effort) and lasts
for >10 minutes,
2. Changing patterns of angina discomfort (ie
more severe, stays longer in duration, or
occurs more frequently)
3. It does not relieve with rest or medicine.
 Variant Angina (Prinzmetal Angina)
• Coronary artery spasm with no apparent
atherosclerotic lesions.
• The mechanism is not completely understood
• involve a combination of endothelial
dysfunction and increased sympathetic
activity.
 Silent lschemia
• patients who suffer myocardial ischemia
without any experience of discomfort or pain.
• more common in diabetic patients, older
patients and women.
• Ambulatory ECG and stress test could be
beneficial in making the diagnosis.
• The mechanism of this silent ischemia is not
yet clear.
 Komplikasi
• Tergantung keparahan
• Lokasi iskemia
• onset and the availability of management
intervention.
 Severity
• Severity of the ischemic insult (ie, degree of
coronary blood flow reduction)
• Duration of ischemic insult
• Location of ischemic insult
• Compensation (ie, level of collateral circulation)