History of GTM

Implementation of GTM in language learning

19th Century :
World War II:
Adopted for teaching modern languages
18th Century :
Students capable of speaking foreign
by German scholars such as Karl Plötz
First being used in Prussia, languages well enough to speak or to
and Johann Seidenstücker, and it quickly
Germany understand in the form of
spread to classrooms throughout Europe
communications.
and the United States.
 Aim of GTM during the 18th – 19th century
• To study dead language like
Latin and Greek.
• no longer used in daily
conversation or any oral
communication
• was used widely in the field
of academia and was called
scholarly language.
• Grammar school- initially
given a rigorous
introduction to Latin
grammar
• The West world was influenced by
faculty of psychology approach that was
popular in the West and it is called
mental gymnastics to promote
intellectuality.
• Mental Gymnastic : Body and mind
were separated.
• necessary for the development of mental
discipline.
• education reformation during the 18th
centuries
• A need to understand foreign
language because they studied and
translating a lot of foreign language
especially in written form for
educational purposes.
• Example : French and Germany
• Also studied other culture like Islamic
culture, especially from the Abbasid
empire. (a powerhouse of intellectual
exploration. )
• 19th century
Literature Review

Brown H.D. (1994) stated that

Stern, H. H. (1992)
GTM does virtually nothing
translation would not only help
Chellapan (1982) points out that
but to enhance a student’s
reveal the structural features of
translation can make student second language or foreign
communicative ability in the
understand foreign language better language by means of first language. Most experimental
and they will be able to have a language but also expose the research in the effectiveness of
closer grips of the target language. similarities and differences on explicit grammar teaching has
various linguistic levels between shown a little evidence that
the two languages to the learner.
this method is actually works.
 20th century

Dagiliene ( 2012 ). To investigate the role of translation as a learning method in English language teaching.
The study found out that translation is a useful tool in English language course which intensify the skills of
second language students.

Al Refaai ( 2013 ) conducted a research about suggested guidelines for using translation in foreign
language and teaching. The findings showed that the translation enhance the competence and right
performance of language.

Chang (2011) came up that to have a better result for language learning, there is a need for combination of
language learning methods and tools. . The result of the study showed that the GTM is better than the CLT
in accuracy but the Communicative approach is better for the purpose of fluency,

Mondal ( 2012 ). He agreed with Chang. he concluded that the grammar translation method is an
appropriate method although the combination with Communicative Approach will create a new successful
methodology that fill the gaps of each previous method.
 Methodology
• Survey
• Instrument : Questionnaire – consists of 19 questions focussing on the effectiveness of
GTM in foreign or second language learning. The survey was distributed to students by
using Google form.

• Book reference
• by H. Douglas Brown - Teaching by Principles : An Interactive Approach to Language
Pedagogy in 2001.

• Electronic sources
• to authentic sources in the Internet such as theguardian.com and tesl-ej.org.