Electric Systems

Transmission Line
Modeling
Oleh Albert Sagala
 Transmission Line Parameters
• The power transmission line is one of the major
components of an electric power system. Its
major function is to transport electric energy,
with minimal losses, from the power sources to
the load centers, usually separated by long
distances. The design of a transmission line
depends on four electrical parameters:
– 1. Series resistance
– 2. Series inductance
– 3. Shunt capacitance
– 4. Shunt conductance

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 2

• The series resistance relies basically on the physical
composition of the conductor at a given temperature.
• The series inductance and shunt capacitance are
produced by the presence of magnetic and electric
fields around the conductors, and depend on their
geometrical arrangement.
• The shunt conductance is due to leakage currents
flowing across insulators and air. As leakage current is
considerably small compared to nominal current, it is
usually neglected, and therefore, shunt conductance is
normally not considered for the transmission line
modeling.

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 3

 The line models are classified by their
length
• Short line approximation for lines that are less
than 80 km long.
• Medium line approximation for lines whose
lengths are between 80 km to 250 km.
• Long line model for lines that are longer than
250 km.

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 4

 ABCD PARAMETERS
• 𝑉𝑆 : Voltage Sending
• 𝑉𝑅 : Voltage Receiving
• 𝐼𝑆 : Current Receiving
• 𝐼𝑅 : Current Receiving

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 5

 Transmission Matrix Model
Often we are only interested in the terminal
characteristics of the transmission line. Therefore
we can model it as a “black box:”
IS IR
+ Transmission +
VS Line VR
- -

VS   A B  VR 
With        ,
 I S  C D   I R 
where A, B, C , D are determined from general equation
noting that VS and I S correspond to x equaling length of line.
Assume
11/22/2018 length of line ABS/Transmission
is l. Line Modeling 6
 The parameter D is dimension less.

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 7

 SHORT LINE APPROXIMATION
• The shunt capacitance for a short line is almost
negligible.
• The series impedance is assumed to be lumped
as shown in Fig.2. If the impedance per km for an l km long line is
𝑧𝑜 = 𝑟 + 𝑗𝑥, then the total impedance of the line
𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋 = 𝑙𝑟 + 𝑗𝑙𝑥
The sending end voltage and current for this
approximation are given by

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 8

 MEDIUM LINE APPROXIMATION
• Medium transmission lines are modeled with
lumped shunt admittance.
• There are two different representations −
nominal-π and nominal-T depending on the
nature of the network.

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 9

 Nominal-π Representation

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 10

 Nominal-T Representation

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 11

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 12
 LONG LINE MODEL
• For accurate modeling of the transmission line we must not assume
that the parameters are lumped but are distributed throughout
line.
• The length of the line is l.
• Let us consider a small strip ∆x that is at a distance x from the
receiving end.

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 13

 LONG LINE MODEL (2)
• Voltage Drop: ∆𝑉
• Since the length of the strip is ∆x, the series
impedance and shunt admittance are z ∆x and
y ∆x.
• total impedance and admittance of the line
are

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 14

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 15
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 16
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 17
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 18
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 19
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 20
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 21
 Equivalent-π Representation of a Long
Line

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 22

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 23
11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 24
 Terimakasih

11/22/2018 ABS/Transmission Line Modeling 25