KAR-NAJAF Cement Plant

Training Course
JUNE 2018

ACIS@NAJAF O&M TEAM

Laboratory Safety Training

Trainer: Song Tinghua

Date:

2
 Learning Purpose
Understand types for laboratory safety
hazards

Be familiar with laboratory

safety regulation

Master laboratory emergency

measures
 Part One
Laboratory safety hazard
 Safety Hazard Type

Cut, burn, poison, fire, explosion,

electric shock
 Cut

Cuts caused by broken glassware

Mainly reagents and drugs

penetrate into the wound, making
it difficult to heal up
 Prevent Cuts

Correct choice, double check; Package

break; If can be heated, will heat it; If
can be heated, add asbestos first.
 Burn
Definition: Caused by corrosive or irritating
drugs, flame, high temperature objects,
electric current etc. , body lose lots of water,
and serious complication due to tissue
damage and bacterial infection.
 Prevent Burns
Wear rubber gloves, operation for dilution and
dissolution should be slow, order should be correct,
open bottle plug by covering wet cloth
When using an alcohol lamp or blowtorch, alcohol
shouldn’t be filled fully, in order to avoid burns and fire
accident, outer surface should be cleaned, then ignite
When using heating equipment such as electric
furnaces, ovens, sand baths, water baths etc. ,safety
regulation & rule for each equipment should be strictly
followed in order to prevent burns
 Poisoning
Definition: Some substance invades human body, then
cause local irritation or dysfunction for the whole body,
it’s called poisoning

Way: In the process of production & test, poison

invades human body through breathing, skin, mucous
membranes, after that, poison compounds rapidly with
various products of metabolism, as a result, it make
body lose its function and poison human body
 Prevent Poisoning
Drugs that use toxic gases should be operated in
fume hood, and workers should wear masks
For chemical room with coalgas, should pay
attention to pipes and switches in order to prevent
gas leakage
Poisonous drugs should be stored in a tightly sealed
bottle with label, and kept by a designated person
Toxic waste liquid should not be poured directly into
the sewer. Clean the container and wash your hands
immediately
When mercury instrument is damaged,
spilled mercury should be removed as soon as
possible, then sprinkle sulfur powder on the
residue so as to completely eliminate
mercury
When smelling reagents, you can only send
a small amount of gas by hand and gently
sniff
Do not use chemical utensil as ordinary
 Prevent Fire Accident

When du mp or use fla mmabl e li qui ds f or

extracti on or di still ati on ,t her e shall be no
open fl ames i n the r oo m, wi ndows shall be
opened f or air ci rcul ation; The a mount of
fl a mmabl e li qui d i n chemi cal anal ysi s roo m
shoul d not exceed 1 lit er and shoul d be pl aced
i n a dark and l ow humi di t y pl ace, In t he
su mmer, put it in col d wat er or refri gerat or,
and st ore it i n a well -ventil at ed war ehouse,
 Prevent Fire Accident

In case of fire acci dent, door s and wi ndows

shoul d be cl osed t o pr event fire fro m
spr eadi ng. Move i ndoor fl a mmabl e and dr y
object s a way fr om fire sour ce, and be caref ul
not t o colli de, so as not t o cause seri ous fire
acci dent . Rapi dl y use appr opri at e fire
extingui sher to extingui sh fire.
Electrical equipment in laboratory shall be
equipped with a ground wire and a safety switch;
when use high temperature equipment, the
allowable temperature should not be exceeded.
When not in use, the power should be turned off
immediately; If electrical fire accident happens,
turn off the power immediately and use an
insulating fire extinguisher to extinguish the
fire;
The laboratory should be equipped with a sand
box and a fire extinguisher. Water-soluble
substances can be extinguished with water when
fire accident happens. When combustibles for
water-insoluble oil and organic solvents are on
R emember not to use water to extinguish the
fire, otherwise it will intensify the
burning . Therefore, only use sand, dry ice
and “1211”fire extinguisher
All kinds of heating equipment should be
placed on cement countertop or granite
countertop . When the low temperature heater
is placed on analytical bench, asbestos
board or brick must be placed underneath.
 Prevent Explosion
When make suction & filtration, the wall of suction
filter bottle should be thicker, and the pumping force
should not be too large, so as to avoid filter bottle
being blasted by excessive pressure; When pressure
vessel is inflated, qualified vessel should be selected,
and operation process should be strict, fill air according
to specified pressure requirements
When heating glassware, need to ensure maximum
firmness, round-bottom flask is stronger than flat-
bottom flask, while rounds for float-bottom flask is
stronger than tapered one.
M ixture of strong oxidants and organic
matter is not only easy to burn, but also
explode at a certain ratio
When diluting high-release energy drugs, it
should be carried out according to operation
requirements, otherwise it will cause an
explosion; If concentrated sulfuric acid
should be slowly in jected into water by
stirring, and choose heat-resistant glassware,
 Prevent Shocking
Definition: When a person touches charged object,
current will flow through human body, cause
damage or damage human skin, muscles, internal
tissues, even cause casulties.
 Prevent Shocking
Bef or e usi ng a new el ectri cal i nstr ument, first
under st and it s i nstr ucti ons and precauti ons, do
not blindl y tur n on power
When usi ng el ectri cal i nstr ument s shel ved f or a
l ong ti me, shoul d check car ef ully i n advance. If
fi nd any da maged part, shoul d repai r i n time and
shoul d not use bar el y
Ther e shoul d not be exposed wi r es i n l aborat or y.
The swi t ch shoul d be co mpl etel y cl osed or
Circuit and wire for each
instrument should be kept dry at all
times and should not be wetted to
prevent short circuit from causing
fire or burning the instrument
Root cause should be checked when
fuse is blown or switch is tripped.
Do not arbitrarily thicken fuse or
increase switch
 Part Two
Laboratory Testing and Equipment
Operation Safety
 One. Laboratory Test Safety
Regulation
 ⑴Inspector must carefully study and analyze operating documents
and related safety technical regulations, understand performance of
equipment and causes of accidents during operation, and master
methods for preventing and handling accidents
 ⑵Carry out dangerous work, such as on-site sampling of hazardous
materials, handling of inflammable and explosive materials,
incineration of waste liquid, etc. accompanied by second party. The
companion should be in a place where work place can be clearly seen
and observe overall operation process
 ⑶When disassembling glass tubes, hoses, rubber stoppers, they
should be wetted with water first, and cotton cloth should be placed
on the hands to prevent glass tubes from being broken
⑷Open t he concentrat ed hydr ochl ori c aci d,
concentrat ed nitri c aci d, concentrat ed ammoni a
reagent pl ugs wi t h pr ot ecti ve equi p ment, carr y out
in fume hood
⑸Bef or e openi ng bottl e pl ug of vol atil e sol vent,
cool t hem wi t h col d wat er, bottl e mout h shoul d not
face peopl e di rectly
⑹ Cont ai ner & beaker & t aper ed bottl e used i n
dil uti ng concentr at ed sul f uri c aci d shoul d be
pl aced in pl asti c basi n, concentr at ed sulf uri c aci d
can onl y be poured i nt o wat er slowl y, but can not
use wat er t o pour i nt o sul f uri c, cool down wi th
wat er if necessar y
⑻Each bottl e of reagent i n l aborat or y must
have l abel t hat clearl y mat ches t he cont ent s. It
i s stri ctly pr ohi bi t ed t o fill empt y bottl es of used
reagent wit h t he ot her reagent s wi t hout
updating the label
⑼ You must not l eave your post duri ng
oper ati on, and you must entr ust responsi bl e
per son to take car e of it
⑽ S moki ng and eati ng are not all owed i n
l abor at ory. Food can not be handl ed by l ab
⑾Should wear uniform and tie up
long hair, should not wear uniform in
public places such as canteen. When
execute dangerous work, should wear
PPE. Should wear protective goggle in
experiment
⑿When use pressure vessel, should
follow the operation instruction to
avoid explosion
⒀C heck safety for water,
electricity, gas and windows after
 Two. Requirement for Lab
Electric Safety
One. How to use electricity safely:

Object(by electrical performance): Electric conductor:

Can allow current pass through, such as Au、Ag、Cu、
Fe、Al(Resistivity at normal atmospheric temperature
2.7µΩ/cm). Insulator : Prevent electric current from
passing through, such as glass , rubber, ceramics, dry
wood, bamboo pole etc. Insulation resistance of de-
ionized water：16.8MΩ、18MΩ。
1. Whi ch situations are likel y to cause
fire acci dent ?

⑴Bad quality wi re & cabl e

⑵Increase load on el ectrical

equi pment freel y

⑶Broken wi res & cabl es touch each

ot her

⑷El ectrical equi pment hygi ene

⑹El ectrical cont rol part failur e

2. How to prevent electrical
accident？
⑴Often check if electric appliances are complete

⑵Don’t touch switches, wires and appliances with

wet hands

⑶Don’t leave people when use high temperature

equipment
 Two. Co mmon el ectri cal acci dent s
and handling met hods:

Fi st articl e f or handl e pri nci pl e:

Regar dl ess encount er whi ch t ype of
acci dent, first remove mai n swi tch,
cut off power suppl y, t hen handl e it;
In addi tion, immedi at el y gi ve al arm
1. Cut power off : Wire fract ur es; fuse bur ns out or
swi t ch on/off & trip aut omatically
2.Power fail ur e and fire acci dent : I mme di at el y
s wi t ch off mai n power suppl y, at t he same ti me
make emer gency firefighti ng：
3. Firefi ghti ng: Can not use wat er, must use CCl 4
or CO2 exti ngui sher (If chai n reacti on has caused
fire acci dent, it is anot her matter)
Per sonal safet y and self -pr ot ecti on duri ng fire
acci dent : Cal m down, hol d on wi th wet t owel & wet
bedcl ot hes, t hen r oll and rush out . If can not come
out, ti e wi t h well-kni t cl oth and bed sheet s, make
4. Personal el ectric shock: Use el ectric
insul ation to move away wi res, and never pull
them by hand. Rescue shocked per son by
artifici al respi ration.

In addi tion, ther e are sever al poi nt s need to be

menti oned for el ectricity saf et y:

a. Static el ectricity: Pay attenti on to pr eventi ng

st atic el ectricity.

b. Hi gh vol tage: When check HV power suppl y,

Three. Requirement for Lab Drug
Storage
1. Fl ammabl e & expl osi ve dr ug st or age

2. T wo or mor e compounds t hat can react

vi ol entl y, bur n, expl ode, and rel ease t oxi c
gases aft er mi xi ng or cont acti ng each ot her
ar e called i ncompati bl e compounds, and
cannot be mi xed.

3. Corrosi ve reagent st or age

4. Pay att enti on to che mi cal st or age peri od, some
reagent s will graduall y det eri or ate duri ng st or age,
and even f or m hazar dous mat eri al, st or age peri od
must not exceed one year

5、Bot h medi ci ne cabi net and reagent sol uti on

shoul d be pr ot ected fr om di rect sunli ght and heat
sour ces such as heat er . Reagent s that ar e
pr ot ect ed fr om l i ght shoul d be kept i n br own
bottles or wr apped in bl ack paper or bl ack cl ot h
6. Att ach l abel on reagent bottl e when it i s
dr opped or will be bl urred. Reagent s t hat
ar e unl abell ed or un recogni zabl e shoul d be
treat ed as dangerous it e ms and re-i dentifi ed.
Do not t hr ow t he m rando ml y t o avoi d
seri ous consequences. 。

7. The dr ugs shoul d be locked i n a speci al

dr ug cabi net, and a doubl e regi strati on and
si gnat ur e syst em wi ll be est ablished
 Four. Inspect Operation Safety

Pri nci pl e: When carr yi ng out work i n t he

l abor at ory, it i s necessar y t o stri ctl y abi de
by t he "Labor at ory Test Saf et y Manual " and
"Labor ator y El ectri city Saf et y
Requi reme nt s", as well as t he safet y
requi re ment of each appl i ance. In t he safe
oper ati on, it mai nl y i ncl udes lif e saf ety,
1. Common pr oject inspection saf et y
The safet y hazar d t o be not ed in t he l abor at or y
r outi ne inspecti on i s t o pay att enti on t o t he self -
pr ot ecti on of t he ski n, eyes and respi rat ory tract,
as well as cl ot hi ng pr ot ecti on and pr eventi on of
dr ug expl osi on or spont aneous co mbust i on. The
mai n safet y cont ent s ar e: gl ass ware, t est heati ng
oper ation, phar macy and ot her pr oject s.
① Obey t he r ul es; ② corr ect choi ce of ut ensil s,
stri ctl y accor di ng t o t hei r use; ③ gr asp t he saf et y
par a met er s (MS DS) and saf et y e mer gency
measur es of vari ous dr ugs; ④ pay att enti on t o
2. Speci al pr oject inspection saf et y

It i s mai nl y sel f -pr ot ecti on when usi ng hi ghl y

t oxi c, high-expl osi ve and hi gh-ri sk subst ances
(devi ces) and radi oacti ve instr ument s duri ng t he
t est . Such as al kali cont ent, poi soni ng of
hydr ofl uori c aci d gas in t he det er mi nati on of
ce ment hydr ati on heat, use of pot assi um
di chr o mat e i n gl ass war e washi ng, mai ntenance
of radi oacti ve equi pment, et c., and pr oper use of
3. Use of machi ner y and ot her equi pment

① Hi gh-t e mper at ur e equi pment: Box-t ype

resi st ance f ur nace, oven, el ectri c f ur nace, et c.,
shoul d pay att enti on t o anti -burn and el ectri c
shock duri ng use. If you t ake t he object i n a
hi gh t e mper at ur e f ur nace, you shoul d wear dr y
gl oves or t owel s on your hands. Do not wet it,
so as t o avoi d direct ener gy trans mi ssi on t o
your hands and cause bur ni ng damage.
② Mechani cal equi pment :The key poi nt i s t o
read t he i nstr uction manual bef or e usi ng it, and
t hen t ake car e to pr event el ectri c shock and
mechani cal da mage during use. It i s stri ctl y
pr ohi bit ed t o operat e ill egall y. For exa mpl e, the
cr usher shoul d pay att enti on t o t he sampl e
spl ashi ng and i njuri ng t he per son. When t he
di sc gri ndi ng belt i s runni ng, t he cl ot hi ng, hai r
③ Pr eci si on instrument s in the
labor at or y are mai nl y anal ytical
bal ances, pur e wat er machi nes,
cal ori met ers, fluor omet ers, et c. The
mai n hazar ds invol ved are gl ass, hi gh-
pr essur e vessel s, el ectricity, radi ation,
et c.; theref or e, must be strictly
empl oyed bef or e use. Pr e-trai ni ng and
obt ai ni ng an operation per mi t
4. Sample Collection

The sampling content involved in production is:

sampling of out-of-town mines and sampling of
plant operations. No matter where it is sampled,
there are safety hazards, such as mine landslides,
flying stones, yard vehicles, etc., so it is necessary to
carry out sampling operations in strict accordance
with the requirements, pay attention to safety
Inspect instrument & equipment

1. Safety precaution for X-Ray analysis

2. Safety for sample preparation equipment

and sampling vehicles

3. Calorimeter measurement safety

 Five. Method for Lab Waste
Liquid Treatment
1. Inorganic acids, slowly pour waste acid into an excess of
aqueous solution containing sodium carbonate or calcium
hydroxide or neutralize each other with waste alkali,
neutralize and rinse with plenty of water
2. Sodium hydroxide, ammonia: neutralize with 6mol/L
hydrochloric acid solution, rinse with plenty of water
3. Waste liquid contain mercury, arsenic, antimony and
antimony: control acidity of 0.3mol/L [H+] to form sulfide
precipitate 。
4. Cyanide-containing waste liquid: Adding sodium
hydroxide to make the pH value above 10, and adding
an excessive potassium permanganate (3%) solution to
decompose CN-oxidation. The CN-content is high, and
an excessive amount of calcium hypochlorite and
sodium hydroxide solution can be added.

5. Fluorine-containing waste liquid: adding lime to form

calcium fluoride precipitate
6. Flammable organic matter: treated by
incineration. The incinerator is designed to
ensure safety and to ensure full combustion. If
there is toxic gas, a scrubber should be
provided. Non-flammable can be diluted with
waste flammable solvent

7. Waste residue: Waste hazardous solid drugs

are strictly prohibited from being dumped in
domestic garbage and must be disposed of
 Part Three

Emergency treatment method

for laboratory accidents
One. Emergency treatment method
for chemical poisoning
1. General emergency treatment

1.1 Emergency treatment when swallowing

Non-professional medical staff should not handle it
casually if the patient is paralyzed or comatose due to
poisoning of the drug. In other cases, there are some
simple ways to deal with it. Such as drinking milk, soaked
eggs, flour, etc.
1.2 Emergency treatment when breathing
in

a. Immediately transfer the patient to a

place with fresh air, undress and relax

b. Breathing should be done immediately

when breathing is weakened
1.3 Emergency treatment when stained with
skin

a. Continuously moisturize the skin with tap

water

b. Watering off the skin while taking off

your clothes

c. Do not use chemical antidote

1.4 Emergency treatment when entering
the eyes

a. Open your eyes and wash with water for

5 minutes

b. Do not use chemical antidote

2. Emergency treatment method for
inorganic chemical poisoning

2.1 Strong acid (deadly dose 1 ml)

a. When swallowing
b. When it is stained with skin
c. When entering the eye
2.2 Strong alkali (deadly dose 1g)
a. When swallowing
b. When it is stained with skin
c. When entering the eye
Ot her s as well as a mmoni a, hal ogen gas,
cyani de (deadl y dose 0.05 g), sulfur di oxi de,
ni tr ogen di oxi de, hydrogen sul fi de gas,
ar seni c (deadl y dose 0.1 g), mer cur y (deadl y
dose 70 mg HgCl 2), l ead (deadl y dose 0.5 g) ),
cad mi um (deadl y dose 10 mg), sput u m
(deadl y dose 100 mg), sput u m (deadl y dose 1
gr am), silver ni trat e, copper sul phat e;

When swall owi ng heavy met al s, dri nk mil k,

3 Emergency treatment method for organic chemical
poisoning
3.1 Hydrocarbons (deadly dose 10 to 50 ml)
3.2 Methanol (deadly dose 30 to 60 ml)
3.3 Ethanol (deadly dose 300 ml)
3.14 Carbon monoxide (deadly dose 1g)
Clear the source of the fire. Transfer the patient to a
place with fresh air, let it lie down and keep warm. In
order to reduce the consumption of oxygen, keep quiet.
If vomiting, remove the vomit in time to ensure the
airway is clear, and at the same time fully oxygen
 Two. Burn

1.1 Mild burn

1.2 Moderate burn

1.3 Severe burn

2. Precaution for burn treatment

Should base on "as soon as possible into

the hospital" principle; If the oil on the
burn surface or zinc sulphate oil and
other things, it is easy to be infected by
bacteria, never use
 Three. Frostbite caused by
refrigerant, etc.
In mild frostbite, although the skin is red
and uncomfortable, it will return to normal
after a few hours

In the case of moderate frostbite,

blistering occurs

In case of severe frostbite, it will ulcerate

Emer gency treat ment met hod

The fr ostbi t e i s placed i n hot wat er at 40 ° C f or 20

t o 30 mi nut es. Even after ret urni ng t o nor mal
t e mper atur e, you need to rai se t he fr ostbi t e. At
nor mal te mper atur e, do not wr ap anyt hi ng, do not
bandage, and keep qui et . No hot wat er or frost bit e
i s i nconveni ent to soak, such as t he ear, et c., can
be warme d by body te mperat ur e (hands,
under arms). Take off your wet cl ot hes. You can
 Four. Trauma caused by things
such as glass
As an emergency treatment, we must stop
bleeding first

 1. Emergency hemostasis

In principle, injury site can be directly compressed

to stop bleeding. Even if the artery is damaged, you
can use your fingers or gauze to directly compress
injury site, which can stop bleeding
2. Special trauma
Head
When bleeding from a head injury, it is
best to use your fingers to press near
ear to touch pulse. After that, use a toe
cloth to tightly wrap the head around.
Neck
This part is covered with important internal
organs, blood vessels and nerves, so when
neck is injured, it must be properly treated.
When a large amount of bleeding occurs,
common carotid artery of the neck can be
compressed later. But pay attention to
prevent suffocation.
Foreign matters pierce into body
Removing a biting foreign matters from
body is often a rather cumbersome
procedure. No harm or no hindrance to
exercise, no harm at all, can not be
removed.
 Five. Electric Shock
Emergency treatment method
The ambulance personnel take care to prevent
themselves from getting an electric shock and quickly
pull electric shock away from power source. The method
is: cut off the power; cut the wire with a wooden handle
axe; let the current flow to another circuit; or use a dry
cloth belt or belt to pull the electric shocker off the wire.
If electric shocker stops breathing or pulse stops,
immediately perform artificial respiration or heart
massage, and immediately transfer to the hospital.
 Six. Irradiated by Radiation

Emergency treatment method

When the whole body is exposed to radiation, avoid
re-irradiation, keep it quiet and increase nutrition.
When skin is contaminated with radioactive
materials, wash it off immediately. If swallowed, try
to get it out of the body as much as possible. And
rushed to the hospital.