Prokaryotic Cell Division

Binary Fission
What is a Binary Fission?
 Binary Fission!
It is the primary method of reproduction
of prokaryotic organisms.
This is the process by witch organisms
with only one cell create new organism
by dividing.
It is an asexual reproduction by a
separation of the body into two bodies.
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 Binary Fission!
In this process, an organism duplicates
its genetic material or DNA, and divides it
into two parts, with each new organism
receiving one copy of DNA.

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Process of Binary Fission
 Replication of the circular prokaryotic
chromosome begins at the origin of
1 replication and continues in both direction
at once.
2 The cell begins to elongate, FtsZ proteins
migrate toward the midpointof the cell
 The duplicated chromosomes separate
3 and continues to move away from each
other toward the opposite ends of the cell.
 The FtsZ ring directs the formation of a
septum that divides the cell. Plasma
4 membrane
accumulate.
and cell wall material
5 After the septum complete the cell pinches
into two.
 If binary fission happend
in prokaryotes...
◇ As the chromosome is replicated, two copies move
to the opposite ends of the cell by an unknown
mechanism.
◇ FtsZ proteins assemble into a ring that pinches the
cell into two.

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 If binary fission happend
in some protist...
◇ Chromosomes attach to the nuclear envelope which
remains intact. The mitotic spindle passes through
the envelope and elongates the cell. No centrioles
exist.
◇ Microfilaments form a cleavage furrow that pinches
the cell into two

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 If binary fission happend
in other protist...
◇ A mitotic spindle forms the centrioles and passes
through the nuclear membrane which remains
intact. Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle
which separates the chromosomes and elongates
the cell.
◇ Microfilaments form a cleavage furrow that pinches
the cell into two.

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 If binary fission happend
in animal cell...
◇ A mitotic spindle forms the centrosomes. The
nuclear envelopes dissolves. Chromosomes attach
to the mitotic spindle which separates the
chromosomes and elongates the cell.
◇ Microfilaments form a cleavage furrow that pinches
the cell into two.

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 Mitotic Spindle
◇ The precise timing and formation of the mitotic spindle is
critical to the success of eukaryotic cell division.
Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not undergo
karyokinesis and, therefore, have no need for a mitotic
spindle. However, the FtsZ protein that plays such a vital
role in prokaryotic cytokinesis is structurally and
functionally very similar to tubulin, the building block of the
microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle fibers that
are necessary for eukaryotes. FtsZ proteins can form
filaments, rings, and other three-dimensional structures
that resemble the way tubulin forms microtubules,
centrioles, and various cytoskeletal components. In
addition, both FtsZ and tubulin employ the same energy
source, GTP (guanosine triphosphate), to rapidly assemble
and disassemble complex structures.
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 Mitotic Spindle
◇ FtsZ and tubulin are homologous structures derived from
common evolutionary origins. In this example, FtsZ is the
ancestor protein to tubulin (a modern protein). While both
proteins are found in extant organisms, tubulin function
has evolved and diversified tremendously since evolving
from its FtsZ prokaryotic origin. A survey of mitotic
assembly components found in present-day unicellular
eukaryotes reveals crucial intermediary steps to the
complex membrane-enclosed genomes of multicellular
eukaryotes.

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