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Introduction
CdSe CdTe
http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/kaf18/QDSpectra.jpg
Introduction
Figure 9.12. A valence electron jumping across the energy gap in pure
silicon resulting in the generation of a free electron and hole in the crystal:
(a) energy band model, (b) bond model.
Excitation
ECB h=E g
h e (CB) h (VB)
Creation of an electron hole pair
where h is the photon energy EVB
ECB
recombination processes
E EVB
ECB
E=h band-to-band recombination
atinterband trap s tates
recombination
(e.g. dopants, impurities)
20
Formation
Lithographically defined quantum dots
• Quantum wells are covered with a polymer mask and exposed
to an electron or ion beam.
• The surface is covered with a thin layer of metal, then cleaned
and only the exposed areas keep the metal layer.
• Pillars are etched into the entire surface.
Solar Cells
• Photovoltaic effect:
– p-n junction.
– Sunlight excites electrons and
creates electron-hole pairs.
– Electrons concentrate on one
side of the cell and holes on
the other side.
– Connecting the 2 sides
creates electricity.
Applications
Gao et al., “In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots,” Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 969 (2004).
Applications
Composite with A Novel Structure for Active Sensing in Living cells