Thermal analysis is defined as “series of

techniques for measuring the temperature

depedency of physical property of a certain
subtance according to a specific program.”

Physical properties include mass,

temperature, enthalpy, dimension, dynamic
characteristics, and other, and depending on
the physical properties to be measured, the
techniques of thermal analysis.
1. TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis)
Is a type of test performed on a sample to
determine change in weight in relation to
changes in temperature. The analysis depends
on a high degree of precision in three sizes :
wight, temperature, and temperature change .
As many weight loss curves look like, the
weight curve may require transformation before
the results can be interpreted.
2. DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis)
is a thermal analysis technique, similar to
differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the materials
studied and inert references are made to undergo
identical thermal cycles, when recording temperature
differences between samples and references. This
differentiality is then plotted against time, or for
temperature (DTA curve or thermogram). Changes in
samples, both exothermic and endothermic, can be
detected relative to inert references. Thus, the DTA
curve provides data about changes that occur, such
as transsexuals, crystallization, smelting and
sublimation. The area below the peak of the
catchment area is enthalpy change and is not affected
by the sample heat capacity.
3. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry)

is a thermal analysis technique that

measures the energy absorbed or emitted by a
sample as a function of time or temperature.
When thermal transitions occur in the sample,
DSC provides calorimetric measurements of
transition energy from certain temperatures.
DSC is an analytical technique used to
measure the energy needed to measure the
energy needed to make the temperature
difference between samples and comparators
close to zero, which is analyzed at the same
temperature area, in hot environments or cool
at regular speed.
4. DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis)

is a technique used to study and characterize

materials. This is most useful for studying the viscoelastic
behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal voltage is applied
and the tension in the material is measured, allowing
one to determine the complex modulus. The sample
temperature or stress frequency often varies, causing
variations in complex modulus; this approach can be
used to find the glass transition temperature of a
material, and to identify transitions that correspond to
the movements of other molecules.
5. TMA (Thermo Mechanical Analysis)

Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is one group called

thermal analysis techniques (TA). Terminology of thermal analysis is
recommended by the International Confederation of Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC). The term has been redefined to
provide consistency between various thermal analysis techniques
(1). In special TMA it has been classified as a method of
thermomechanometry (TM) techniques.