Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
We need some
branch
connections
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
So far this is a nice arrangement.
But there is no control over the flow from Tank-1
to other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the
flow if needed
Not Preferable
Preferable
While carrying out pipe routing we also need to consider the following
Valves, strainers, instruments on the pipe should be easily accessible.
If needed separate ACCESS PLATFORMS to be provided to facilitate these.
Desired location and orientation of valves / instruments and other pipe
components are to be checked and maintained, like some valves or strainers
can only be installed in horizontal position.
Specific requirements for instrument installation to be checked, like
temperature gauge can not be installed in pipe which is less than 4 inch in size.
Specific requirements of STRAIGHT LENGTH of pipe for some components to
be maintained, like for flow orifice we need to provide 15 times diameter
straight pipe length at upstream of orifice and 5 times diameter straight at down
stream of orifice.
Let us look
into typical
Vent and
Drain
arrangement
in a pipeline
This is a 3D model
of Feed water line
along with pumps
and other
accessories
Find out type Find out Check Pipe Select suitable Check Mat. YES Pipe
of Fluid Fluid Temp. life Material per Listed in Material
flowing & Pressure Expectancy practice (Note-1) Design Code OK
NO
Note-1 : Material is selected per past experience with cost in
mind and per material listed in design code. If material is See Note-
not listed in code we may select next suitable material
listed.
1
Pipe Sizing Calculation - to select required pipe diameter based on velocity and pressure drop.
Find out Check Velocity Calc. flow area Calc. Press. Check Press. YES Pipe
Flow volume Allowable per required and Drop for that Drop meets Size
per second second Pipe size Pipe size Press. Budget OK
NO
Increase
Pipe Size
Pipe Thickness Selection - to select appropriate pipe thickness based on flowing fluid property.
Rigid Support
of load)
There are two types of spring Rigid Hanger
support
Variable load type, here support
load changes as the pipe moves.
Dynamic Support,
Constant load support, the load
Snubber
remains constant within some
range of movement. Rigid Support
Some Special Considerations for Piping
When pipes are routed UNDER GROUND (Buried) following points to be kept in mind:
Minimum pipe size to be routed under ground shall be not less than1 inch.
Avoid flange joint in U/G piping.
Keep in mind if pipe leaks U/G, it will be difficult to detect, so avoid U/G routing of pipe
carrying hazardous fluid.
Pipe to be laid below Frost Zone at areas where ambient temperature goes below freezing.
U/G, Buried piping should be properly protected from corrosion.
Pipe may be properly wrapped and coated to prevent corrosion.
Or U/G piping be protected by using Cathodic protection.
IS TO COMMUNICATE INFORMATION
Key Plan
Schematic diagrams
Flow diagrams
(Process or service)
Isometric drawings
Line identification
• Cutting Plan
• Test Packs
• As built drawings
….contd
• Process Flow Diagram (Optional)
• Pipe Supports Schedule
• Material Specifications
• Plant area/classification
Shows
Path of flow by single lines
Un scaled drawing
Describing the process
(flow sheet)
• MTOs
• Test pressure
• Test media
• P&ID reference
…..contd.
INFORMATION ON AN ISOMETRIC
DRAWING
• Insulation requirement
• Painting requirement
• Welding specifications
• Size
• Plant number/area
• Material class
• Coating/Insulation category
Material ISO
Fluid Specification Number
Spool
Plant/Area 74 / BZ / 6 / 412 / 23-2 -A Number
INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM
(P&ID)
Types of Process Diagrams
• Process diagrams can be broken down into two major categories:
Contd…
• In the second step, the process flow is gradually
heated for processing. This section includes heat
exchangers and furnaces. In the third section, the
process is included.Typical examples found in the
process section could include distillation
columns or reactors. The process area is a complex
collection of equipment that works together to
produce products that will be sent to the final
section.
Process And Instrument Drawings
(P&IDs)
• Design/Operating parameters
SYMBOLS
For example, when two steel plates are joined together into a T shape,
welding may be done on either side of the stem of the T.
The weld symbol distinguishes between the two sides of a joint by using
the arrow and the spaces above and below the reference line.
The side of the joint to which the arrow points is known as the arrow side,
and its weld is made according to the instructions given below the reference line.
The other side of the joint is known as the other side, and its weld is made
according to the instructions given above the reference line.
The below=arrow and above=other rules apply regardless of the arrow's
direction.