Digital Communications
Course Outline
A.MIDTERM
1. Introduction to Digital
Communications Systems
2. Basics of Information Theory
3. Amplitude Shift Keying
4. Frequency Shift Keying
5. Phase Shift Keying
6. Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation
7. Bandwidth Considerations for ASK,
FSK, PSK, QAM
B. FINALS
1. Digital Transmission
2. PAM, PWM, PPM
3. Pulse Code Modulation
4. Error Detection
5. FDM, TDM
6. WDM, Applications of Multiplexing
7. Multiple Access Channeling
Protocols, FDMA,CDMA,TDMA
Digital Communications
Digital communications include systems where
relatively high-frequency analog carriers are
modulated by relatively low frequency digital
information signals (digital radio) and systems
involving the transmission of digital pulses (digital
transmission).
Applications include the following:
 (1) relatively low-speed voice-band data
communications modems, such as those found in most
personal computers;
 (2) high-speed data transmission systems, such as
broadband digital subscriber lines (DSL);
 (3) digital microwave and satellite communications
systems; and
 (4) cellular telephone Personal Communications Systems
(PCS).
Hartley’s law
Shannon limit for information capacity
M-ary
Encoding
Baud and Bit Rate
According to H. Nyquist, binary digital signals
can be propagated through an ideal
noiseless transmission medium at a rate
equal to two times the bandwidth of the
medium.
The minimum theoretical bandwidth
necessary to propagate a signal is called the
minimum
Nyquist bandwidth or sometimes the
minimum Nyquist frequency.
Using multilevel signaling, the Nyquist formulation for channel capacity is
Minimum bandwidth necessary to pass M-ary digitally modulated carriers
AMPLITUDE-SHIFT KEYING
FREQUENCY-SHIFT KEYING
FSK Bit Rate, Baud, and Bandwidth
FSK is the exception to the rule for digital modulation, as the minimum
bandwidth is
not determined from . The minimum bandwidth for FSK is given
as