Creating Systems of

Student Support
 Presentation Goals
 Promote the development of a “system” of
student support.
 Introduce the “Summit Initiative” including
available resources.
 Elements of a proposed model at district &
building level.
Presentation Outline
 Current Status of Student Support efforts
 Overview of Mechanisms/Formats
 Forces at work
 Fragmentation & Marginalization
 A New Conceptual Framework (Summit Initiative)
 Interconnected Systems
 The “Three Component” Model
 The “Enabling Component”
 District & Building Planning Models
 Resources
 Overview of Student Support
Delivery Mechanisms/Formats
1. School Financed Student Support Services
2. Classroom-Based Curriculum and Special “Pull-
Out” Interventions
3. School District Specialized Units
4. Formal Connections with Community Services
5. Comprehensive, Multifaceted, and Integrated
Approaches
 Forces At Work...
• Students presenting diverse needs
requiring variety of resources.
• Schools charged with producing a
wide range of products.
• Society demanding higher student
achievement than ever before.
(Natriello, et.al., 1990)
Forces At Work (cont.)...

• Implement NCLB
• Implement IDEA
• Economy/Funding Issues
 Fragmented Student Support?
Psychological Special
HIV/AIDS
Services Clinics
Prevention
Boys & Girls
Club
Special Health
Education Services
After-School
Programs Nursing
Health Services
Violence & Crime Pupil Services Education
Prevention Nutrition
Education

Juvenile Court School Lunch

Services
Community-Based
Programs
School Program

Guidance
Mental Health Drug
Programs
Services Prevention
Social
Services
Discipline
Procedures Subs. Abuse
Family Assessment
Counseling
Pregnancy
Protective Prevention IDEA
Services Discipline Rules
Bigger Problem: Marginalization

• School District Organization & Operation

• School Improvement Planning (groups)
• Implementation of Special Education
• District level agenda vs building needs
 Summit Initiative: Interconnected Systems
School Resources Community Resources
Enrichment & recreation Youth development programs
Health Education Systems for Positive Development Public health & safety programs
Drug & alcohol education & Immunizations
Transition support Recreation & enrichment
Conflict resolution programs Systems of Prevention Child abuse education
Positive Behavior Support
Early id. of health problems
Pregnancy prevention Shelter, food, clothing
Violence prevention Job programs
Dropout prevention Systems of Early Intervention Foster placement
Classroom accommodations Various counseling services
Student Support Groups Parenting classes/programs

Special Education Crisis Intervention

Remedial programs Probation/incarceration
Counseling Services Systems of Care Subsidies/SSI
Violence Risk Assessment Hospitalization
Three-Component Model for Reform
and Restructuring

Instructional Component
(facilitate learning) What’s Missing?

Student
School
Family
Community

Management
Component
(governance/resources)
Three-Component Model for Reform
and Restructuring

Instructional Component
Enabling Component
(facilitate learning)

Student “A comprehensive, multifaceted

School approach for addressing
Family barriers to learning”
Community
- to address barriers to learning
- enable individual students to
learn
Management
Component
(governance/resources)
 An Enabling Component - The Concept

Range of Learners
Instructional
Ready & able No Barriers Component Desired
to learn Outcome
Classroom Teaching
+
Enrichment
Activity

Lacking prerequisites,
minor vulnerabilities.
Dif. learning styles

Enabling
Component

“A comprehensive, multifaceted
Avoidant, very deficient
capabilities, disability, approach for addressing
complex family needs barriers to learning”
The Enabling Component - Activity Clusters

Classroom-
focused
Crisis/ enabling
Student &
emergency
family
assistance &
assistance
prevention
Infrastructure
-leadership
-resource coord.
-policy/procedure
Community
Transition
outreach/
support
volunteers
Home
involvement
in schooling
Classroom- Programmatic activity to enhance
focused
enabling classroom-based efforts to enable
learning through such activities as…

1. Increasing Teachers’ effectiveness in accommodating

wider range of individual differences.
2. Determine individual student needs.
3. Provide temporary out-of-class assistance to students.
4. Identify needed resources to address student needs.
5. Develop capabilities of para-educators, volunteers, etc..
 Support Programmatic activity designed to
for reduce the difficulties students
Transitions
experience from major life
transitions. Some examples
include….

1. New student arrival/enrollment.

2. Articulation strategies to support grade level transitions
or special education placement transitions.
3. Before and after school activities.
4. School to summer vacation activities.
5. Elementary to middle school orientation activities.
 Home
Involvement A range of programs are included
in Schooling here. They include activities to….

1. Address the learning and support needs of adults in the home.

2. Help families learn how to support students with school work.
3. Improve communication and connections between home and
school/teachers
4. Elicit partnerships from those at home to meet school and
community needs.
 Crisis
Assistance Schools must have the capacity to
and Respond to, minimize the impact of,
Prevention
And prevent crises. This requires
systematic programs for….

1. Emergency response at a school or school/community.

2. Minimize risk factors to prevent crises related to violence,
suicide, and child abuse.

Key Mechanism: The development of a crisis response team.

Student and
Family
Assistance

This area encompasses most of the services

available from the community that are the
focus of the integrated service model. In
other words, resources from outside the
school.
Community
Outreach &
Volunteers

The focus of this area is on making the effort

to reach out. The who, how, when. For
schools to be integral community partners,
steps must be taken to create and maintain
collaborative connections. One major facet of
this activity area is the establishment of
programs designed to recruit, train, and
maintain volunteers to assist students.
Building Infrastructure Models
Example #1

Principal

School Student Assistance

Improvement Team Team

Resource
Coordinating Team
Building Infrastructure Models
Example #2

Principal

School
Improvement Team

Resource Student Assistance

Coordinating Team Team
 District Infrastructure Model
Board of Education/
Superintendent

Board Committee Instruction/

Finance/ Student
Structure Personnel Curriculum Support

District
Finance & Teaching & Pupil
Administration Personnel Learning Services

District School
Instructional
Student Support
Improvement Council
Councils/Committees Council
Resource Aids: Summit Initiative

A. Examples of Policy Statements

B. Phasing in the Enabling Component
C. Expanding Standards and Accountability
D. Job Descriptions for Student Support Leadership
E. Reframing the Roles and Functions of Student Support Staff
F. Establishing a Resource-Oriented Team at a School Site
G. Weaving School & Community Resources
H. Rethinking a School Board’s Committee Structure
I. Levels of Competence and Professional Development
Center Concept Paper: Appendix B - Research Base
 References

• Natriello, McDill, & Pallas, Schooling Disadvantaged Children:

Racing Against Catastrophe, Teachers College Press, Columbia
University, New York, NY, 1990.
• H.S. Adelman & L. Taylor, On Understanding Intervention in
Psychology and Education, Westport, Ct.: Praeger.
• Center for Mental Health in Schools, School Mental Health
Project, Dept. of Psychology, UCLA, LosAngeles, Ca, 90095.
– Website: http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu
 This
Button
 “Typical” Classroom

Low Success High

In School
Current Approach
Title I
Special Education ESL

Volunteer
Student Support Approach
“Unique Needs Focus”

Behavior Reading
Support Instruction #2

Reading
Instruction #1
Family/Agency
Referrals
Evolution of Student Support

Model Characteristics
Label - Place - pull-out model
- eligibility
- reactive
- medical model
- legalistic/funding

Problem Solving - focus on “needs”

- collaborative
- cross-categorical
- rational
- reactive
Systemic - proactive
- range of interventions
- inclusive
- admin. integrated
- non-categorical
- planning intensive