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1.

GENES- determiners of hereditary traits


- located on the chromosomes
- UNIT OF HEREDITY
- portion of a DNA molecule that
codes for a specific protein
2. ALLELES- alternate forms of GENE
3. HOMOZYGOUS- Has identical alleles
4. HETEROZYGOUS- has different alles
5. There are 46 CHROMOSOMES in the
HUMANBODY.
( 22PAIRS: AUTOSOMES; 1 PAIR: SEX CHROMOSOME)
 PHENOTYPE- observable
characteristics
expressed for a trait
 GENOTYPE- genetic make up of
an organism
 PUNNETT SQUARE- used in
predicting the probability of traits
from one generation to the next.
LAW OF INHERITANCE DESCRIPTION

LAW OF SEGREGATION During gamete formation,


the alleles for each gene
SEGREGATE from each other
so that each gamete carries
only one allele for each
gene.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT Genes for different traits can
ASSORTMENT segregate independently
during the formation of
gametes.
LAW OF DOMINANCE Some alleles are dominant
while others are recessive;
an organism with an at least
one dominant allele will
display the effect of the
dominant allele.
1. Law of Dominance:
- In a cross of parents that are pure for
contrasting traits, only one form of the
trait will appear in the next generation.

- Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will


have only the dominant trait in the phenotype.

2. Law of Segregations:
- During the formation of gametes (eggs or sperm), the two alleles
(hereditary units) responsible for a trait separate from each other.

- Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization, producing the


genotype for the traits of the offspring.

3. Law of Independent Assortment:


- Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring)
independently of one another.

Image: Gregor Mendel, Mendel's Principles of


From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Heredity: A Defense by Bateson, William
Two alleles (hereditary
units) responsible for a
trait separate from
each other.
- Alleles for separate traits are
passed independently to one
another from parents to
offsprings.
 - Mendel found evidences of this
when he conducted the DIHYBRID
CROSS
 Recessive alleles will always be
masked by DOMINANT ALLELES
 A cross between a HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS
RECESSIVE will always express the
dominant phenotype, while still
having heterozygous genotype.
 It can be explained easily through a
MONOHYBRID CROSS.
 Based on Law of Segregation
 Mating between 2 individuals
with different variations at one
genetic chromosome of
interest.
 A cross between two parents
possessing a pair of
contrasting characters
 Cross between Two
different lines that differ in
two observed traits.
1. In pea plants, Yellow Seed Color is
dominant over green. In a genetic
cross between two Homozygous
Yellow seed plant, what will be the
possible offsprings in the first filial
generation?
2. What will be the
offsprings of a
HOMOZYGOUS TALL pea
plant and a
HOMOZYGOUS short pea
plant?
3. The cross between a
Heterozygous Purple, Homozygous
Inflated Pea Plant AND
Homozygous White Heterozygous
Inflated Pea Plant will produce what
type of offsprings?
 Form of dominance in a
heterozygous condition
wherein the allele regarded as
DOMINANT completely mask
the allele that is recessive

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