- located on the chromosomes - UNIT OF HEREDITY - portion of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein 2. ALLELES- alternate forms of GENE 3. HOMOZYGOUS- Has identical alleles 4. HETEROZYGOUS- has different alles 5. There are 46 CHROMOSOMES in the HUMANBODY. ( 22PAIRS: AUTOSOMES; 1 PAIR: SEX CHROMOSOME) PHENOTYPE- observable characteristics expressed for a trait GENOTYPE- genetic make up of an organism PUNNETT SQUARE- used in predicting the probability of traits from one generation to the next. LAW OF INHERITANCE DESCRIPTION
LAW OF SEGREGATION During gamete formation,
the alleles for each gene SEGREGATE from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. LAW OF INDEPENDENT Genes for different traits can ASSORTMENT segregate independently during the formation of gametes. LAW OF DOMINANCE Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with an at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele. 1. Law of Dominance: - In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation.
- Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will
have only the dominant trait in the phenotype.
2. Law of Segregations: - During the formation of gametes (eggs or sperm), the two alleles (hereditary units) responsible for a trait separate from each other.
- Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization, producing the
genotype for the traits of the offspring.
3. Law of Independent Assortment:
- Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one another.
Image: Gregor Mendel, Mendel's Principles of
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Heredity: A Defense by Bateson, William Two alleles (hereditary units) responsible for a trait separate from each other. - Alleles for separate traits are passed independently to one another from parents to offsprings. - Mendel found evidences of this when he conducted the DIHYBRID CROSS Recessive alleles will always be masked by DOMINANT ALLELES A cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE will always express the dominant phenotype, while still having heterozygous genotype. It can be explained easily through a MONOHYBRID CROSS. Based on Law of Segregation Mating between 2 individuals with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest. A cross between two parents possessing a pair of contrasting characters Cross between Two different lines that differ in two observed traits. 1. In pea plants, Yellow Seed Color is dominant over green. In a genetic cross between two Homozygous Yellow seed plant, what will be the possible offsprings in the first filial generation? 2. What will be the offsprings of a HOMOZYGOUS TALL pea plant and a HOMOZYGOUS short pea plant? 3. The cross between a Heterozygous Purple, Homozygous Inflated Pea Plant AND Homozygous White Heterozygous Inflated Pea Plant will produce what type of offsprings? Form of dominance in a heterozygous condition wherein the allele regarded as DOMINANT completely mask the allele that is recessive