PA System

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND
EDUCATION HOCHIMINH CITY (UTE)
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Public Address System

Lecturer: Assoc.Prof. QUYỀN HUY ÁNH
Student Group:
Lê Hoàng Sơn 15142100
Võ Phú Tài 15142103
FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
Table of Contents
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
• Safety and Evacuation Standards

• #5 Design Steps of a PA System
• Advancement in the PA System Industry
• Installation Guide
• PA System Design Software
• Case Study
• References
FEEE
Safety and Evacuation Standards
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
• The design and manufacturing of Public Address systems

should take into consideration various international standards for
building safety and evacuation. These standards are set in place to
ensure safety of building occupants.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
TOA’s history and experience in providing systems for

communication and safety makes it is self understanding to meet
and even exceed high demands of life protection and safety
standards. As a result TOA products are certified according to the
EN 54 standards.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
EN 54 stipulates the product and testing requirements for voice

alarm components in fire detection and alarm systems. The norm
is put in place in order to improve the communication of
installed systems with the outside world – users, installers,
firemen and, most importantly, the public. Also, EN 54 states the
availability of system functionality in most adverse operating
environments.
TOA is the first manufacturer of voice evacuation systems that

offers a fully certified system consisting of system manager,
amplifiers, speakers and emergency power supply
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
EN 54 standards
EN 54 -24 preview PDF

Double click to open
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
• AEX’s products and systems are designed to ensure these

buildings achieve life protection and safety standards by providing
the functions and safety features required. Below are some
relevant standards that AEX System can comply with:
AS 60849
Australian National Standards for Emergency voice Evacuation System Equipment
BS EN 60849
British National Standard for Emergency Voice Evacuation System
IEC 60849
International Electrical Community Standards for Emergency Voice Evacuation System
Equipment.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
PA System’s Standards in Viet Nam & IEC
TCVN 6697-1 : 2000 -WITH AMENDMENT 1 AND AMENDMENT 2 : 1988
IEC 60268 -1
Sound system equipment - Part 1: General
IEC 60268-2 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 2

Explanation of general terms and calculation methods
IEC 60268-3 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 3

Amplifiers
TCVN 6697-5 : 2009 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT – PART 5

IEC 60268-5 : 2007
Sound system equipment - Part 5: Loudspeakers
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
PA System’s Standards in Viet Nam & IEC
IEC 60268-11, SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 11

Application of connectors for the interconnection of sound system components

Application of connectors for broadcast and similar use

Circular and elliptical loudspeakers; outer frame diameters and
mounting dimensions
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
#5 Design Steps of a PA System

FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5 steps of PA System
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5 steps of PA System
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Input Source Selection
Emergency Microphone:
Used during emergencies to
conduct evacuation. This
microphone is usually placed
in the Fire Command Center
for easy access to the Fire
Department authorities
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Paging Stations
+Paging Station without zone selection

control
+Paging Station with zone selection

control – this paging station is
commonly used for remote paging;
hence it is sometimes referred to as a
remote microphone. The zone selection
feature is built into the paging station
where all the zone selection buttons are
incorporated into the paging station
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Messaging equipment:
• Used to broadcast pre-recorded
messages in a system.
• The pre-recorded messages can
be controlled using a Program
Timer where messages are
triggered to play at a specific
time or intervals. Some
messaging equipment can also
be used as a background music
player
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Background Music
Players: Equipment used
to provide background music
to a building. Cassette Deck
Player, CD Player or
AM/FM Tuner are typical
examples of background
music players
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Zone Allocation & Loudspeaker Selection
The design engineer will need to refer to

building schematics such as floor plans and
elevation drawings to decide on the number
of zones the PA System should consist of.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
The ideal PA System zoning rules are as

follows:
• Evacuation plan zoning.

• Floor by floor zoning.
• Functional areas zoning. Example; back-
of-house zone for hotels and resorts,
nurse quarters and patient zones for
hospitals and medical centers, waiting
lounge zones for airports and terminals,
anchor tenant zones for shopping
complexes and departmental stores,
exhibition hall zone for convention
centers, etc…
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
The design engineer will be required to consider

the architectural and acoustic requirements of the
building in order to propose the right type and
quantity of loudspeakers to be used. The
considerations will consist of:
 Sound classification required for the area

 Ceiling height
 Room Construction
 Ambient or Environmental Noise Level
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Signal Management Selection
 For this step the design engineer will need

to decide on the Design Level to be
incorporated into the project. The Design
Level selection will be based on the
system application, signal management
complexity, number of audio input and
output channels and number of control
inputs and outputs. As mentioned in the
previous section, there are 5 Design Levels
in a PA System
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Signal Management Selection
 The design engineer shall choose one of the 5

Design Levels and implement it into the Signal
Management Step of the PA System design
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Power Amplifier Calculation & Backups
 After plotting the loudspeaker and designing

the signal management section, the design
engineer can calculate the power amplifier
sizing, this determines the amount of power
amplifiers needed for the system.
 All the power amplifiers shall be supported
by a standby amplifier. Ideally, for every 5
duty amplifiers one standby amplifier should
be provided as a backup. The standby
amplifier rating shall follow the highest
rating amplifier among the 5 duty amplifiers.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Power Amplifier Calculation & Backups
 Amplifier sizing is greatly dependent on

the number of speakers and the power
tapping. Once the speakers have been
selected and plotted, the amplifier sizing
can be calculated based on the speaker
quantity and power tapping
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Control & Monitoring
After determining the power amplifiers

needed, the design engineer will be required
to provide for the visual and aural monitoring
of the power amplifiers. This consists of a VU
meter (visual monitoring) and built-in speaker
(aural monitoring)
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Loudspeaker line monitoring is another important

aspect of control & monitoring. There are two
methods of monitoring a loudspeaker line, the DC
method and the AC method
The DC method loudspeaker line monitoring is

more suitable for small scale projects where the
loudspeaker quantity per zone is less, while the
AC method is more suitable for high speaker
quantity zones.
Both these loudspeaker line monitoring devices
are to be placed between the amplifiers and the
first loudspeaker of the zone
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Finally, the design engineer would have to

calculate the total power consumption of the entire
PA System based on the quantity of equipment
used and design a suitable battery backup system
complete with an automatic battery charger
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Classification of Sound
The Classification of Sound provides a

quantitative approach to defining sound quality
and aid the design engineer in specifying suitable
sound classes to suit the various areas in a project.
There are 4 classes of sound with each sound class consist of 4 main
components, namely; Loudness, Sound Coverage, Speech Intelligibility
and Frequency Response.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Class A Sound
Class A Sound provides music and speech reproduction of the highest
quality, usually utilizing subwoofers and high quality tweeters to
ensure crisp clear sound with a full enveloping bass response. Class A
sound applications: hotel main lobby, music halls, bars, restaurants,
café.
Class B Sound
Class B sound configuration is still able to re-produce an acceptable
quality of background music, usually deployed in hotel corridors,
shopping malls and transportation hubs
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Class C Sound
Providing adequate coverage with speech clarity and sound pressure
level appropriate for acceptable background music reproduction and
clear announcements during emergencies, usually deployed at areas
along the path of human traffic such as stairwells, corridors,
washrooms and offices.
Class D Sound
Class D sound are suitable for areas where announcements are priority.
Not suitable for music reproduction. Emphasis is instead placed on
delivering a life saving announcement with sufficient speech clarity,
intelligibility and loudness to areas with high ambient noise.
Placements of the loudspeakers minimally cover work areas such as
back-of-house areas, mechanical rooms and workshop.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
In order for a public address broadcast to be audible to the listener, the

SPL at the listening level should minimally be 6 dB higher than
ambient noise
FEEE
Advancement in the PA System Industry
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
ADVANCEMENT IN THE PA SYSTEM INDUSTRY
Analogue and Digital Systems via Copper Cable Transmission
 Public Address systems using copper cables as its mode of

transmission can be divided into 2 main categories namely,
systems running in the analogue domain and systems running
in the digital domain.
 Systems running on copper cable are widely used in most

applications till today and will continue to serve the industry
for the years to come as it is readily available and easy to
install.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn Analogue and Digital Systems via Copper Cable Transmission
Analogue Systems
These systems are based on an analogue signal
management to conduct the priority switching and pre-
amplification of all the input sources. The Design Level 2
system below is an example of such a system.
Advantages
- Ease of operation for small to medium scale projects.
- Cost effective.
Limitations
- Limited simultaneous broadcast capability
FEEE
Digital Systems
-Similar to analogue systems, digital systems are connected via
copper cables as well, however all the audio signals are
converted into the digital domain for signal management. The
diagram below depicts a Design Level 4 digital system.
-As shown in the diagram the digital signal manager is capable

of routing various audio signals to different zones in the
application simultaneously. This is accomplished with a digital
audio matrix bus, allowing for simultaneous paging as well as
differing background music to various zones
FEEE
The digital matrix is suitable for projects such as
office towers, stadiums, hotels, shopping malls and
all forms of commercial projects that requires a
centralize system within a building that complies with
building fire regulations and safety standard
Advantages
- Capable of simultaneous broadcast allowing to cater to
most commercial projects and high-rise buildings.-
Digital signal management allows for flexibility in
configuring various applications
- -Complies to building safety standards and regulations
for safety and evacuation sound systems
Limitations
- Systems spread over a wide area requiring multiple
simultaneous background music broadcast incurs a high
cabling cost.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Digital Systems via Network Audio Transmission
Network Audio is a method of transporting

audio and data in the digital domain from either
one point to another point (Unicast) or from one
point to many points (Multicast)
These systems are mainly connected to the network

via CAT5e cable as its main physical medium of
transport
A Network system is particularly useful for applications where a

large number of input sources are required to be transmitted to
multiple locations simultaneously.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Network PA Systems are divided into 2 main groups of systems
based on the protocol they utilize
TCP/IP Protocol
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Advantages
- Cost effective solution for applications spread over a wide
area.
- Multiple audio broadcast solution
- Flexible for re-configuring
- Ease of monitoring online
Disadvantage
- Does not comply with any building safety regulations
- System integrity greatly depends on the LAN and the IT
Server that it is connected to
- Subjected to lag and network latency due to heavy network
traffic, which may not be tolerable during emergencies
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Proprietary Networks
An alternative to the TCP/IP protocol are the proprietary

network systems. These are systems that consist of a
combination of software, hardware and proprietary
protocols for delivery of the digital audio packets.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Advantages
- Multiple non-emergency audio broadcast solution for
decentralized solutions (ie: Audio Visual projects).
- Flexible for re-configuring.
- Ease of monitoring online.
- Cost savings on laying copper cabling although minimal.
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Disadvantage
- Limited by a network’s distribution constrain,ie ; Cobra Net and
most proprietary audio networks are limited to a maximum length
of 700m through 6 network switcher hops.
- High cost of procuring the proprietary network protocol encoder
and decoders.
- The installation maybe be subjected to very costly proprietary
cable requirements.
- Not suitable for building PA system applications
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Analogue and Digital Systems via Fiber-optic Transmission
Fiber-optic transmission allows for long distance audio and

control signals transmission. This usually involves a transceiver
that converts the analogue audio to digital format and transmits to
another transceiver
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Analogue and Digital Systems via Fiber-optic Transmission
Multimode fiber is best designed for shorter transmission distances

and is suited for use in LAN systems and connecting ‘local systems’
between buildings with a distance between 2-4km apart. Single-mode
fiber is best designed for longer transmission distances, making it
suitable for long-distance integration of up to 20km
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Advantages
- No loss at fiber-optic transmission over long distance.
- Solution for long distance system integration only.
Disadvantage
- High cost of laying fiber-optic cable.
- Some may require proprietary fiber-optic cable with special
connectors that is costly.
- For Multimode fiber-optic the furthers distances maybe limited to
4km before costly boosters are required.
- Equipment and cable for Single mode fiber-optic applications are
very costly.
- Not suitable for high rise building applications where equipment
are to be centralized in a main control room
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
This section discusses the

various issues that should be
considered during the
installation process. The
section provides guide on
cable specifications, ensuring
that cables with the right
specifications are used as
well as basic tests that should
be conducted on the system
upon completion.
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
1.Cable Specification
There are a few types of cable being used in a PA system. They are:
1.1. Low-level audio signal cable
1.2. High-level audio signal cable
1.3. Communication and control cable

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Examples are microphone cables, music signal cables, digital

message cables, etc.
These cables transmit audio signals in the microwatts or milliwatts

region
These signals are prone to both electrostatics and electromagnetic

interference.
Shielding will help to reduce or eliminate electrostatic interference

while balanced signals will cancel the electromagnetic field induced
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Cables recommended:
Belden 8641 - 24 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Belden 8641 24 AWG 1P PVC Belden 8760 - 18 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Insulation Reel 7x32 Strands
Twisted Pair Cable
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
 Example is loudspeaker cable
 This cable transmits hundreds of watts of audio signal.
 Signal loss along the cable due to cable resistance.
 The thicker the cable, the lesser the signal loss

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
For proper cable gauge selection, refer to chart below

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
1.3. Communication and control cable
o Examples are data communication cable, control cable,

etc.
o These cables transmit data & control signals in the
microwatts or millliwatts region.
o These signals are prone to both electrostatic and
electromagnetic interference.
o Shielding will help to reduce or eliminate electrostatic
interference.
o It is recommended that the communication and control
cables are laid separately from the power lines and high
level audio signal cable.
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn 1.3. Communication and control cable
Com Control Cable 22 AWG 2 pairs 7 Strand Copper

Each Pair Shielded
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
2.Conduit & Trunking Specification
2.1. Rule of thumb to allow 30% to 40% free space clearance
• There should be 30% to 40% free space

allowance in the conduit and trunking as
shown in the diagram below:
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
2.Conduit & Trunking Specification
2.2. Guides for installation
 From riser to loudspeaker – conduit is to be used
 From Fire control center to riser – trunking is to be used
 No electrical power lines share the same trunking or conduit

with the PA system cabling
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Testing & Commissioning
The Testing & Commissioning guide aims to provide a systematic

methodology for inspecting a PA system prior to handover. The
methodology is divided into 4 sub-categories namely:
3.1 Cable Continuity Test

3.2 Cable Impedance Check
3.3 Installation Check
3.4 Functionality Check
3.5 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) Check
These 4 tests highlight the required data to be recorded and compiled,

providing a means of ensuring a successful handover
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
This is a test to check for any breaks on the loudspeaker line.
Equipment used to perform this test is the Multimetter

The Continuity Test is carried out in 2 steps.
Step 1: From Control Room to Riser
Step 2: From Riser to 1st loudspeaker point
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
The contractor will fill in a Continuity Test Table as shown on

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
 This is a test to ensure that the load connected to the amplifier is

appropriate, as any load larger than the specified amplifier
maximum output would damage it
• Equipment used to perform this test is the Impedance Meter

• Impedance Test is carried out in 2 steps.
 Step 1: Check line impedance from power amplifier
output toriser
 Step 2: After installation of all loudspeaker, check
loudspeaker load impedance from the riser
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
The contractor will fill in a Impedance Check Table as shown on

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
This is a check to ensure that the installed equipment and loudspeakers are
visually checked for proper installationpractices. The following are some of
the check points that should be taken into consideration when performing
the installation check
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
3.4 Functionality Check
This is a check to ensure Individual equipment and

loudspeakers are inspected for its functionality during
normal operation, during emergency operation and during
mains power failure. The functionality tests are designed to
check all stages of the PA system from Input sources all the
way to the loudspeakers. Below is a sample of some of the
main test that should be conducted on the system
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn 3.4 Functionality Check
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
• SPL refers to the ‘loudness’ of the loudspeaker plotted .

• SPL check is carried out using a calibrated SPL Meter set at the
suitable test range of 50 ~ 100 dB. Sound weighing is set at A-
Weighted to simulate the human listening characteristics.
• A windscreen is used to prevent pickup of wind noise.
• During measurement, the microphone of the SPL meter is placed at
the hearing level at arm length with the microphone at upright
position. An average SPL value is recorded when the reading at the
meter stabilizes. SPL readings are recorded at multiple positions at the
intended listening area and an average value taken.
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.Common Challenges
faced during installation
• Below are a few common problems a contractor will face during

installation if they did not pay extra attention onto the matters
4.1. No sound
4.2. Audio signal too soft
4.3. Grounding
4.4 Interference
4.5 Signal Distortion
4.6 Surge Protection
4.7 Lightning Protection

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.1. No sound
After connecting and terminating every single connector on the

system, and the contractor still find there is no audio signal output
from the system, or the output audio signal is intermittently
disrupted with silent, this could be due to one of the following
• Wrong Termination
Wrong termination can be caused by wrong labeling on the cables
• .Poor Termination
Poor termination was mainly due to the following two reasons:
 Cold solder
 Loose connection
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn 4.2. Audio signal too soft
When the contractor find the audio signal is far too softer than it
supposed to be, one of the following problems may be the cause
• Equipment signal level and impedance mismatch

One of the most likely reasons was due to the different brands used
within a same system. Different brands of equipment carry different
signal level and impedance. Hence it is advisable to use only one brand
of PA equipment for the entire system, where these parameters for
products coming from the same manufacturer would have been
matched.
Incompatibility of models chosen. Even the products are from the

same manufacturer, the signal level and impedance mismatch could
happen when design engineer choose the models from another series
of products to be used in a different series of products.
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.2. Audio signal too soft
• Cable Impedance Mismatch

.This could be due to too many cable joints in a loudspeaker line
that cause the discrepancy between the calculated impedance and
the actual measured impedance. This will overdrive the power
amplifier and put it under heavy stress loads. Eventually, the
amplifier will sustain damage
• Partial Short to Ground

This could be due to mishandling of cables that cause the cables
PVC jackets torn. The exposed copper may be shorted to a metal
conduit or trunking that would result in a partial short
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.3. Grounding
• There are mainly two reasons for proper & adequate grounding :
Electrical Safety
Grounding the chassis of the audio device to earth will divert any
current leakage that can be potentially hazardous to the ground. An
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) may be used to disconnect
mains supply to the power outlets when a residual current is detected
on the earth point
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.3. Grounding
•Thus,
To Reduce
the use ofExternal Noiseshielded
high quality Pickup audio signal cables for line
To Reduce
level cabling External
and alsoNoise
housing all –line
Pickup Proper
levelgrounding
equipmentprevents
in a metal
pickup
equipmentof noise
rackthat
whichis transmitted
is properly magnetically mainlyprotection
grounded provides from motors
& ac power
against thesetransformers.
interferences. Proper
Keepingshielding prevents
the cables shortpickup of noise
and cables that
that is the
carry transmitted capacitively
same signal (in forms
level as close of radio
together whilewaves or static
keeping cablesfrom
of
motors
differentand lighting
types as fardimmers).
apart as possible and all audio cables away from
the ac power cables will help reduce noise pickup
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.4 Interference
Power Line Noise

• The power line normally consists of a broad spectrum of
harmonics and noise in addition to the pure sine wave voltage.
Noise is created by power supplies in electronics equipment,
fluorescent lights, triac light dimmers and loads that creates
sparking such as switches, relays and brush type motors.
• These tiny current causes hum, buzz, pops and other symptoms
when it couples into the audio signal path. To reduce pickup of
this noise, filters are installed on the dimmer circuit and is best
loaded to the rated output for the filter circuit to work properly.
Ensuring the lighting circuits are properly grounded and using a
different ac circuit will also help
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.4 Interference
Radio Breakthrough Interference

Public address system maybe affected by radio transmission, in the
case of radio stations or CB transmitter broadcasting over the legal
output power.
The result of this radio interference is a pickup of occasional music
and speech. An area prone to this type of interference is the
microphone cables which often acts as an aerial to these unwanted
radio frequencies which are then passed into the preamplifier of the
system
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.4 Interference
The simplest remedy is an input by-pass capacitor of around 0.015uF

connected across each microphone socket. Ensuring that long
microphone cables are balanced and shielded by electrical steel
conduit greatly reduces the risk of this interference. It must be ensured
that these metal conduits are well earthed for optimal protection.
However some public address system equipment comes ready with
built-in radio rejection circuitry which eliminates the problem
altogether
FEEE
Installation Guide 4.4 Interference
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Hum and Noise

One of the most baffling problems faced in a Public Address System is
the reproduction of electrical humming or high frequencies noise in the
system
• The poor quality and incompatibility of the

equipment used within a system.
• Poor source/microphone cable termination
• Poor system grounding and shielding protection
• Positioning of input equipment near mains transformers.

FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Pre-recorded Material
The source of distortion in the audio path can be from the following
locations
Poor quality material will, in the end, be reproduced poorly as it is, no
matter how good the system is. Ensuring a good source of material
would be the primary step of obtaining a good sound reproduction
Pre-amplifier
Impedance mismatch of the source and preamplifier input may cause

signal clipping which results in a distorted signal, ready to be further
amplified and reproduced by the loudspeaker. Ensure that the input
sensitivity of the preamplifier is switched to match the output level of
the source
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Power amplifier
Again, ensure that the output level of the preamplifier matches the
input of the power amplifier to ensure optimum performance of the
power amplifiers. A signal too low will result in the power amplifier
not being able to drive its loads to the maximum capacity while a
signal too high will either constantly or during program peaks
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
4.6 Surge Protection
Surges in power are due to a Thus it is recommended that

transient rise in voltage from Public Address Systems be fitted
the power supply above the with surge arrestors as a means of
designated level. Surge protection. The basic surge
arrestors or surge suppressors arrestors work by diverting the
offer protection to any extra voltage to Ground or Earth
electronic system. Common via a metal oxide variable resistor
causes of surge voltage in or MOV.
buildings are sudden
simultaneous operation of high
power electrical equipment
such as air-conditioning,
elevators and escalators…
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
For Public Address systems, even if surge protectors were employed

at all mains power outlets, the system may still be prone to
damaging surges from other sources. The most common source is
the 100V speaker line that runs throughout the building. These lines
can also conduct high voltage especially if the building is struck by
lightning.
Thus for full protection to the PA System the should be coupled

with lightning arrestors which are identical and work on the same
concept to surge arrestors
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
An important point to note when connecting lightning arrestors are,

some lightning arrestors comes with built-in high frequency filters.
Meaning high frequencies in the range of 20 kHz and above are
‘sunk’ to earth. This may affect the public address system, if a 20 kHz
pilot tone signal is used to monitor the loudspeaker lines
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5.Maintenance
 Purpose for maintenance is to prolong equipment life-span. The

following are a few steps involved during a yearly or half-yearly
maintenance routine check
5.1. Emergency Performance Test
 This test is to ensure the integrity of the emergency evacuation

equipment
FEEE
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5.Maintenance
5.1. Emergency Performance Test
Microphone Check
To perform the functionality test on the microphone that includes zone
selection, zone group selection, function keys activation, etc
Power Amplifier Changeover Check

To simulate fault on the one of the duty amplifier (by switching OFF),
and confirm on the automatic changeover to the standby amplifier
Loudspeaker Line Condition Check

To simulate a loudspeaker line faults (Open, Short or Ground Leak),
and verify on status display on the line monitoring units.
FEEE
Installation Guide 5.Maintenance
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5.2 Connectivity
The connectivity check is to be carried out because
Check
• On-going renovation may have removed some

loudspeakers and from the speaker cables and
the speaker cable may have not been connected
back. This check is to make sure all the speaker
cables are in good condition
• Any circuit or zoning modification may have altered

the speaker cabling connection. Hence connectivity
check is crucial to ensure all cables are connected well
to the main system
FEEE
Installation Guide 5.Maintenance
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
5.3. Impedance Check

Due to the above two reason, the impedance of the
entire speaker cable need to be re-confirmed again
5.4. Equipment Cleaning

A routine yearly or half-yearly equipment cleaning is important.
This is because the dust accumulated inside the equipment will trap
moisture. This trapped moisture will eventually oxidized the
electronic components on the equipment circuit board. This will
cause the performance of the component to deteriorate and hence
may start to give intermittent problems to the system
FEEE
PA System Design Software
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Acusticus Professional is a powerful on-line tool for Web

browsers, used for creating projects of indoor and outdoor sound
system.
 You can create a simple project using only one siren, or a
comprehensive national warning system with hundreds of
sirens, measurement points and sound background.
 The innovation in v2.0 version is an option of creating a
project of indoor sound system in a shopping center, office
building, factory building or any other building.
 Of course, there is also a combination of indoor and outdoor
sound system, or projects of sound system by means of a
municipal radio.
FEEE
PA System Design Software
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
(Please Exit Slide Show and

Double click to open video)
FEEE
Case Study
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Head Building of Ministry of
Culture, Sports and Tourism
Tây Hồ District, Hà Nội Capital
FEEE
Case Study
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
FEEE
Case Study
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
Design Description

Design Description PDF

Double click to open file)
FEEE
Case Study
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
ELV Detail Design Description
ELV Detail Design

Description PDF

Double click to open file)
FEEE
Case Study
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
PA System Design CAD Description
PA System Design CAD file of
(In the Included Folder)

FEEE
References
feee.hcmute.edu.vn
https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6697-1-2000-thiet-bi-cua-he-thong-am-thanh-phan-1-quy-dinh-chung
https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6098-2-2009-phuong-phap-do-may-thu-hinh-trong-truyen-hinh-quang-
ba-phan-2
https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6697-5-2009-thiet-bi-cua-he-thong-am-thanh-loa
http://sunjinvietnam.vn/project/tru-so-cac-co-quan-thuoc-bo-van-hoa-the-thao-va-du-lich/
https://tailieuxaydung.info
FEEE
feee.hcmute.edu.vn

PA System

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

PA System

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND

EDUCATION HOCHIMINH CITY (UTE)

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND

Public Address System

• Safety and Evacuation Standards

• The design and manufacturing of Public Address systems

TOA’s history and experience in providing systems for

EN 54 stipulates the product and testing requirements for voice

TOA is the first manufacturer of voice evacuation systems that

EN 54 -24 preview PDF

• AEX’s products and systems are designed to ensure these

IEC 60268-2 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 2

IEC 60268-3 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 3

TCVN 6697-5 : 2009 SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT – PART 5

IEC 60268-11, SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 11

IEC 60268-12, SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 12

IEC 60268-14, SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT - PART 14

#5 Design Steps of a PA System

+Paging Station without zone selection

+Paging Station with zone selection

The design engineer will need to refer to

The ideal PA System zoning rules are as

• Evacuation plan zoning.

The design engineer will be required to consider

 Sound classification required for the area

 For this step the design engineer will need

 The design engineer shall choose one of the 5

 After plotting the loudspeaker and designing

Power Amplifier Calculation & Backups

 Amplifier sizing is greatly dependent on

After determining the power amplifiers

Loudspeaker line monitoring is another important

The DC method loudspeaker line monitoring is

Finally, the design engineer would have to

The Classification of Sound provides a

In order for a public address broadcast to be audible to the listener, the

ADVANCEMENT IN THE PA SYSTEM INDUSTRY

Analogue and Digital Systems via Copper Cable Transmission

 Public Address systems using copper cables as its mode of

 Systems running on copper cable are widely used in most

-As shown in the diagram the digital signal manager is capable

Network Audio is a method of transporting

These systems are mainly connected to the network

A Network system is particularly useful for applications where a

An alternative to the TCP/IP protocol are the proprietary

Analogue and Digital Systems via Fiber-optic Transmission

Fiber-optic transmission allows for long distance audio and

Analogue and Digital Systems via Fiber-optic Transmission

Multimode fiber is best designed for shorter transmission distances

This section discusses the

1.1. Low-level audio signal cable

1.2. High-level audio signal cable

1.3. Communication and control cable

1.1. Low-level audio signal cable

Examples are microphone cables, music signal cables, digital

These cables transmit audio signals in the microwatts or milliwatts

These signals are prone to both electrostatics and electromagnetic

Shielding will help to reduce or eliminate electrostatic interference

1.1. Low-level audio signal cable

1.2. High-level audio signal cable

 Example is loudspeaker cable

 This cable transmits hundreds of watts of audio signal.

 Signal loss along the cable due to cable resistance.

 The thicker the cable, the lesser the signal loss