Environmental Impact Assessment of

Hospital Waste Management Using

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
Cabaddu, Quennie S.
Deundo, Diona Marie C.
Mora, Roxan B.
Pascua, Glydel G.
Silva, Julie Anne A.
 Overview of the Research
The life cycle assessment of hospital waste
from Cagayan Valley Medical center.
The goal and scope of the study
Making a models of the product life cycle with
all environment inputs and outputs.
Understanding the environmental relevance of
all inputs and outputs
The interpretation of the study
 Research Questions
 How is waste management in hospital handled in the current
time?
 What inputs and outputs of hospital waste management
system can be used for the environmental impact
assessment?
 What are the possible environmental impacts accounted for
the treatment and disposal of hospital waste?
 What are the results of the possible environmental impacts of
the treatment and disposal of hospital waste?
 What are the recommendations for process development and
improvement of hospital waste management system?
 Objective of the Study
Identify the current waste management of the hospital.
Create a life cycle inventory (LCI) out of the collected data.
Determine the potential environmental impacts of hospital
waste management system by life cycle impact
assessment (LCIA).
Evaluate environmental impacts of the hospital waste
management system using life cycle assessment and
interpretation (LCAI).
Recommend environmental management options for
process development and improvement to reduce
environmental impacts of the hospital waste.
Theoretical Framework
 Conceptual Framework
Process
Life Cycle Assessment
Inputs and Outputs
of Hospital Wastes
1. Goal and Scope Definition
Management 2.Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
3.Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Inputs: Hospital 4.Interpretation
Waste
Electricity

Outputs:
Input
Emissions
Environmental Impact of Hospital
Waste Management System
Output
Environmental Management
 Significance of the Study
Assessment of the environmental impact of hospital waste management system by means of life
cycle analysis (LCA) analyzes the environmental impacts of the treatment and disposal
techniques.
Use of LCA for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the study provides a way to quantify
the environmental impacts of different hospital waste disposal methods and identify
environmental management options for the improvement of hospital waste management.
The study is beneficial to policymakers for the formulation of an integrated hospital waste
management plan. Specifically, the study is beneficial to Cagayan Valley Medical Center
(CVMC) in managing waste for the improvement and development of their technique process by
considering environmental management options established from the results of this study.
 Scope and Limitations
The study will be focused on environmental impact
assessment of hospital waste management system from
Cagayan Valley Medical Center by life cycle analysis (LCA).
The hospital waste includes pathological, infectious,
sharps, biodegradable, liquid waste and general waste.
The Life Cycle Analysis of the system is limited to the use
of SimaPro v8.4.0 software application with European
databases suitable in the conduct of the study and Eco
Scarcity Method as the LCA methodology. The main scope
of this study was the application of the four phases of the
LCA technique, which was the main concept in solving the
main objectives.
METHODOLOGY 
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
Analysis
All the data collected were used as the input in the life
cycle inventory. It includes the compilation of the data
collected and the quantification of the inputs and the
outputs indicated in the system boundary.
Data were collected from Cagayan Valley Medical Center.
All the inputs and outputs of the system under study are
analyzed. All the data and assumption to form LCI were also
included. Amounts of the inputs and outputs understudy
were computed in this phase to produce LCI results.
Related Review
Literature
 Medical wastes are unwanted biological products that are highly infectious in nature. To have a
basis for successful safety and health management which is essential for safe waste
management practices and is key to preventing and reducing incidents, medical wastes has to
be disposed properly otherwise it poses a health and environment danger.
(ABOR, P. A. (2007). Medical Waste Management Practices in a Southern African Hospital. J. Appl. Sci.
Environ. Manage vol. 11, 91-96.)
 Evaluating the environmental impact of medical wastes particularly in hospital wastes
management options is a complex job. According to (Samadder, 2014) , LCA is an analytical tool
for assessing the environmental acceptability of hospital waste management options.
(Samadder,P. Y. (2014). Life cycle assessment of solid waste management options: A Review.
Recent Research in Science and Technology , 113-116.)
 Techniques which are used in different countries to dispose medical waste.
(Akter, N. (2000). Medical waste management: A review. Environmental engineering program:
School of Environment, resources and development. 2-4.)
 The study on environmental performance assessment by means of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) will
follow the phases of conducting an LCA study as specified in the international standards for
conducting LCAs. The four phases in conducting life cycle assessment study.
(Menoufi, Life Cycle Analysis and Life Cycle Impact, 2011)
 Goal and scope definition is the first step in a LCA process where the products to be assessed
are defined, as well as the context of the assessment to be made. This guides the entire LCA
process to ensure that the most relevant results are achieved
(Menoufi, Life Cycle Analysis and Life Cycle Impact, 2011).
 The theory was applied by Ali et.al.,(2016) in which LCA was carried out to
determine environmental aspects of hospital waste management scenarios. The
result of the study shows that disposal of hospital waste through landfilling and
incineration turned out to be the worst final disposal alternatives whereas
composting, and material recovery displayed savings in emissions.
(AL-khatib I, S. C. (2009). Solid health care waste management status at health care
centers in the West Bank-Palestinian Territorty. Wastes Management.)
Goal and Scope
 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
(LCIA)
The environmental impact analysis assesses the
environmental impact of emissions and extractions
inventoried in the previous phase. To achieve this, the
classification determines which emissions contribute to
which environmental impacts (human health, ecosystem
and resources).
The LCI result was assigned into impact categories in
which impact category indicator was selected. The impact
category indicator used was Eco Scarcity method. It is a
method for analyzing impact, which provides an
assessment at the endpoint level. The calculated indicator
 Interpretation
The interpretation of the results involves defining
hotspots in the life cycle of the different options and
different environmental categories, and comparing
the performance of the alternative options to each
other. The results were evaluated in these phase and
summarized and were used for the construction of
conclusions and recommendations.