WELL COME

TO
SEMINAR
Earthquake Resistant
Structure

BY:
KULKARNI.AMOGH.SHARAD
ROLL NO. 3107
There are three types of structure -
1)Load bearing structure
2)Frame structure
3)Composite structure
4)Ear thquake Resistant
Str ucture

The choice of method depends upon extent of

construction (number of storeys, area covered)
importance of construction (residential, industrial etc.)
economy , types of land and bearing capacity.
 Load bearing str uctur e
ØIn this type of construction, load of structure is
transferred to the wall as roof, floors are directly
supported on walls.
Ø
ØWalls in turn transfer the load to the
underlaying soil via wall footing.

ØThis type of construction is suitable and

economical upto two storey. As number of storey
increases wall thickness also increases.
 Titles
covered
Introduction to earthquake
Effect of earthquake
Various ways by which earthquake prove hazardous
Factors which governs the effect of earthquake on
structure.
Precautions to be taken to make an earthquake
resistance structure

Case-Study
 What is an EARTHQUAKE
?
An earthquake is the vibration, sometimes
violent, of the Earth’s surface that follows a
release of energy in the Earth’s crust. this
energy can be generated by a sudden
dislocation of the segments of their crust, by a
volcanic eruption, even by manmade explosion
or by any other reason.

A severe earthquake may release energy

10,000 times as great as that of the first
atomic bomb.
 Why we should worry
about Earthquake?
Sr.No Place of Occurrence Date Magnitude on
Richter scale
1 Assam Aug 15, 1950 8.7
2 Koyna, Maharashtra Dec 11, 1967 6.3
3 Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh Jan 19, 1975 6.8

4 Assam Aug 6, 1988 7.0

5 Uttarkashi, Uttranchal Oct. 18, 1991 7.5

6 Killari, Maharashtra Sep. 30, 1993 6.3

7 Chamoli, Uttranchal Mar. 29, 1999 6.8

8 Bhuj, Gujarat Jan. 26, 2001 7.9

9 Kashmir Oct. 8, 2005 7.7

10 ANDAMAN ISLANDS, 10/8/2008 6
INDIA
In Bhuj Earthquake: -

Government confirmed death of: 19, 727

Government confirmed injuries total:166,000

Total Residence destroyed: 348,000

Additional damage: 844,000

It affected 15.9 million peoples

More than 20,000 cattle are reported killed.

Economical losses may be as high as $5 billion.

 Effect of
Earthquake
When an earthquake occurs, the violent breaking of rock
releases energy that travels through Earth in the form of
vibrations called seismic waves.

There are two chief kinds of seismic waves:

(1) body waves and

(2) surface waves.

ØBody waves tend to cause the most
earthquake damage.
ØThere are two kinds of body waves:
Ø(1) compressional waves and (2) shear waves.

ØCompressional waves are the fastest seismic

waves, and they arrive first at a distant point.
For this reason, compressional waves are also
called primary (P) waves.
ØShear waves, which travel slower and arrive
later, are called secondary (S) waves.
 Various ways by w hich
Ear thquake can
hazardous
qear thquake develop ver tical as
well as horizontal g round
vibrations horizontal vi is
gener all y much g r eater than the
ver tical vibr ation usually 5-10
times g r eater
qthe horizontal vibr ation has the
most destr uctive ef fect
qwhen the g r ound under neath a
str uctur e is moved suddenly to
4 for design or to calculate shearing
force(base shear) impar ted to the
str ucture to make it move from
Newton's second law this for ces equal
to the mass of str ucture multiplied by
F=m x f = W x f/g
its acceler ation
q

qF=ear thquake force

qW=weight of str ucture

qF=ear thquake acceleration

qg= acceler ation due to g ravity

qf/g=seismic coef ficient(this coef ficient

 Factors which governs the effect of
Earthquake on the structure

Following are the factors which governs the effect of

earthquake on any structure: -

Intensity of earthquake.

Type of earthquake waves.

Type of structure.

Type of design.

Shape of structure both in plan and elevation.

Type of material used for construction.

Load of structure.

Type of soil.

Type of foundation.
Steps For Earthquake Resistant
Structure
To make the foundation of a
structure earthquake
resistant the best way is to
rest the columns on isolators.
These isolators decouple
structure from damaging
earthquake and absorb most
of seismic energy as shown
in fig a continuous spread
foundation of reinforced
concrete increases the
resistance of building to
lateral earthquake forces
Design consideration for building
qCracks of any magnitude due to any cause
e.g. expansion or contraction, must be
guarded against as such cracks will present
planes of weakness during an earthquake
qAdditions and altrations to the structure
should be avoided.if additions are
essential,the new portion shouls be treated
as separate structure
qAll parts of buildings should be firmly tied
together and so stiffly braced that the
building will tend to move as unit
qCatilevers should be avoided.if they can
not be avoided they should be of small span
Shear wall in a structure 3 dimensional view
Construction of Shear wall in Actual
Practice
Cross Bracing
Precautions to be taken to make
an Earthquake resistance
structure
Behavior of any structure is directly related with
following two authorities: -

Architect ( Who gives shape to structure)

Structural Engineer ( Who make the structure to stand)

 General principles of planning
buildings
From the planners point of view: -

Be as simple as possible in shape.

T he length of building should not as

far as possible be more than thr ee
times its width. if a longer building s
necessar y it should be divided into
Str uctur e should not be too elongated in
separ ate str uctur e
plan or elevation
building should be as light as engineering
consideration as well as health and
comfor t per mits
It should be symmetrical with r espect to
mass and rigidity so that the centr e of
mass and the centre of rigidity coincide
with each other.

C .G should be kept as low as possible

Par apet walls,cor nices,or namental

details etc should be avoided if used
they should fir ml y tied

Heavy countr y tiled r oofs should be

avoided
Points to be consider ed while selecting

materials of constr uction -

ØMaterials used for columns and pier s
should have high shear strength.
Ø

ØT hey should be r eliably tested for

str ength

ØReinfor ced concr ete is one of the

most suitable materials for ear thquake
resistant building constr uction because
of its high r esistant to fir e
Ø
ØMaterials used in such buildings
 Precautions to be taken
from
Fromdesigners
designers point of point
view: - of view
All lateral load resisting member s ar e
unifor ml y distributed with unifor m and
continuous distribution of later al
str ength, stif fness.

All columns and walls ar e continuous

and without of fset fr om r oof to
foundation.
qColumns and beams ar e near l y of
same width.
qMin thickness of walls in load bearing
str uctur e not less than 20cm for single
storied buildings
qT he clear height of wall should not e
exceed 18 times thickness of wall
qFloor s ser ve as horizontal gir der s of
g r eat rigidity
 CASE-
Location of site-raunak group,behind munchanda
polytechnic,thane (E) STUDY
ØStructural engg.-Mr.Tipnis (M.E structure)
Ø
ØSite Executive engg. –Mr. Raosaaheb.(B.E civil)
ØMrs.shraddha tare(B.E civil)
Ø
•:stilt+26 str uctur e,3 no.of buildings.312 tenements each of
302 sq.ft. BUA.
•
•Total BUA. = 94224 sq.ft.
•
•Date of commencement-27/01/2009
•
•Scheduled Date of completion-25/11/2011
•
•r efer ence civil Engg hand book by Gur char an Singh
•& fr om WEB SEARCH
 Technical specifications:-
•Constr uction technolog y –RCC technolog y
with cast –in- situ open foundation & RCC
str uctur al elements in super str uctur e.
•
•Pol ynor m door s.
•
•Aluminum anodized windows.
•
•Cer amic tile flooring.
•
•Inter nal paint-OBD(Oil Bound Distemper),
Exter nal paint-Cement paint.
•
•Str uctur al glazing for façade.
Shear wall
Pile foundation
Thank You