1

Grinding
 Grinding is a surface finishing operation
where very thin layer of material is removed
in the form of dust particles.
 Thickness of material removed is in range of
0.25 to 0.50 mm.
 Tool used is a abrasive wheel.

2
3
4
Abrasives
 Abrasive is the material employed for
sharpening, grinding and polishing
operations.
 Natural abrasive – emery, corundum,
quartz, sandstone, diamond, etc.
 Artificial abrasive – carborundum,
aloxite, alundum, etc.

5
Applications of abrasives
 Corundum : is a natural mineral which consists
of aluminium oxide. Hardest natural substance
after diamond.
 Used for shaping, finishing and polishing other tools.
 Emery : natural abrasive consisting of
aluminium oxide and little amount of iron
oxide.
 Silicon carbide : synthetic abrasive harder than
aluminium oxide.
 Used to grind metals like iron, brass and soft bronze.
 Used in non metals like wood and leather industries.

6
 Zirconia aluminia : it is a mixture of
zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide.
 Used in casting and foundry industries.
 Cubic boron nitride : is made up of
boron nitride with a cubic crystalline
structure.
 Used for hard coating material.
 Diamond :

7
Bonding materials
 These are adhesives which holds the
abrasive grains together.
 Vitrified process :
 Silicate process :
 Elastic process :
 Rubber or vulcanite process :

8
Grinding machines
 Grinding machine is a power operated
machine tool where, the work piece is fed
against constantly rotating abrasive wheel
to remove thin layer of material from
work.

9
Principle of grinding machines
 Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive
wheel.
 Due to action of rubbing or friction between the
abrasive particles and work piece material is
removed.

10
Classification of grinding
machine
 Bench grinding machine
 Surface grinding machine
 Cylindrical grinding machine
 Center less grinding machine
 Internal grinding machine
 Special purpose grinding machine

11
Surface grinding machine
 It is machine basically used to grind flat
surface.
 Job is mounted to a table which moves
longitudinally as well as in transverse
direction.
 Manual feed or power feed.
 Work piece can clamped in two ways
 Manual clamps.
 Magnetic chuck.

12
 Internal pump and piping arrangement for
coolant.
 Protective guard for safety.

13
 Base
 Column
 Table traverse
and vertical feed
hand wheel.
 Wheel guard
and protective
guard.

14
 Working
 Work piece is clamped to the table by
operating magnetic chuck.
 Required grade of grinding tool is fixed to
spindle.
 Grinding operation is carried out be
operating both table traverse wheel and
vertical feed hand wheel.

15
Cylindrical grinding machine
 It is a process of grinding curved surfaces.
 Surface may be straight or tapered.
 Work piece is mounted on two centers, one
is tailstock centre and the other is headstock
centre.
 Head stock center may or may not revolve.

16
Working principle

17
18
Centre less grinding machine
 It is used to grind curved surface work piece
which are long and slender.
 Work piece rests on a work-rest blade and is
backed by a second wheel called as
regulating wheel.
 Grinding wheel pushes the work piece down
the work-rest blade against the regulating
wheel.

19
20
21
Cutting terminology
 Speed : it is the peripheral speed of the
work piece per unit time. (m/min)
 Feed : it is the distance travelled by the
tool during each revolution of the work
piece. (mm/revolution).
 Depth of cut : it is the perpendicular
distance measured from the original
surface to the machined surface of the
work piece. (mm)

22
23