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BASICS OF INTERNET,

INTRANET AND EXTRANET


IT Management
GROUP MEMBERS
•Jyoti Ker
•Akshaya Iyer
•Rachit Laad
•Priyanka Gharat
•Swati Savla
•Rohit Sankpal
•Manisha
INTERNET
INTERNET
•History of Internet
•The Internet: Origin
•How the Internet Works
•Major Features of the Internet
•Online Services
•Internet Features in Application Programs
•Advantages and Disadvantages
History of internet
 The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the
early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to
share information on research and development in scientific and
military fields.

 J.C.R. Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in


1962, and moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it.

 Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed.Roberts moved over


to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET.
ORIGIN OF INTERNET
1957 :- The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite.
In response, the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish
US lead in science and technology applicable to the military.

 Early origins
– Can be traced to the 1960s
– U. S. Department of Defense
– Original name was ARPANET
– Steady growth over the next few years
ORIGIN OF INTERNET
computer network: a group of computers and devices
interconnected by communications channels.

Researcher wanted to communicate with each other and share


their research papers and documents.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) :


It was the first computer network in the world
In the 1960s, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (
ARPA) started funding the design, ARPANET, for United
States Department of Defense.
THE INTERNET: THEN AND NOW
•The Internet is a network of interconnected networks.

•Even if part of its infrastructure was destroyed, data could flow


through the remaining networks.

•The Internet uses high-speed data lines, called backbones, to


carry data. Smaller networks connect to the backbone,
enabling any user on any network to exchange data with any
other user.
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
TCP/IP

Routing Traffic Across the Internet

Addressing Schemes

Domains and Sub Domains


TCP/IP
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Protocol – Set of communication rules and procedures

Every computer and network on the Internet uses the same


protocols (rules and procedures) to control timing and data
format.

No matter what type of computer system you connect to the


Internet, if it uses TCP/IP, it can exchange data with any
other type of computer.
TCP/IP SUITE – FIVE LAYERS
Physical
Applicatio
Data
Transport
Internet
Link
nLayer
Layer
Layer
ADDRESSING SCHEMES
In order to communicate across the Internet, a computer
must have a unique address.

Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric


identifier, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

Each IP address has four parts – each part a number


between 0 and 255. An IP address might look like this:
205.46.117.104.
DOMAINS AND SUB DOMAINS
In addition to an IP address, most Internet hosts or servers
have a Domain Name System (DNS) address, which uses
words.

A domain name identifies the type of institution that


owns the computer. An Internet server owned by IBM
might have the domain name ibm.com.

 Some enterprises have multiple servers, and identify


them with subdomains, such as products.ibm.com.
DOMAIN TYPE OF EXAMPLES
ORGANIZATION
.com Business (commercial) ibm.com

.edu Education center.edu

.gov Government whitehouse.gov

.mil Military navy.mil

.net Gateway or host (or mindspring.net


business/ commercial )
.org Other non- profit isoc.org
organization
MAJOR FEATURES OF THE INTERNET
The World Wide Web

E-Mail

News

Telnet

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)


WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet, which
supports hypertext documents, allowing users to view
and navigate different types of data.

A Web page is a document encoded with hypertext


markup language (HTML) tags.

HTML allows designers to link content together via


hyperlinks.

Every Web page has an address, a Uniform Resource


Locator (URL).
This address is for an
Internet server that uses This site belongs to a
The hypertext transfer protocol. company named Glencoe.

To find the specific Web pages


that accompany this book, your
This site is on the part browser follows the URL’s path
of the Internet known to a folder named “norton,” then
as the World Wide Web. to a subfolder named “online.”
EMAIL
Electronic mail (e-mail) is the most popular reason people
use the Internet.

To create, send, and receive e-mail messages, you need an


e-mail program and an account on an Internet mail server
with a domain name.

To use e-mail, a user must have an e-mail address, which


you create by adding your user name to the e-mail server's
domain name, as in jsmith@aol.com.
NEWS
• One Internet-based service, called news, includes tens of
thousands of newsgroups.

• Each newsgroup hosts discussions on a specific topic. A


newsgroup's name indicates its users' special topic of
interest, such as alt.food.cake.

• To participate in a newsgroup, you need a newsreader


program that lets you read articles that have been posted
on a news server. You can post articles for others to read
and respond to.
NEWSGROUPS
TELNET
Telnet is a specialized service that lets you use one computer
to access the contents of another computer – a Telnet host.

A Telnet program creates a "window" into the host so you


can access files, issue commands, and exchange data.

Telnet is widely used by libraries, to allow visitors to look up


information, find articles, and so on.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
File transfer protocol (FTP) is the Internet tool used to
copy files from one computer to another.

FTP is handy for finding and copying software files,


articles, and other types of data. Universities and
software companies use FTP servers to provide visitors
with access to data.
IRC – INTERNET RELAY CHAT
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service that allows users to
communicate in real time by typing text in a special
window.

You can use a special IRC program to participate in chat


room discussions, but many chat rooms are set up in Web
sites, enabling visitors to chat directly in their browser
window.
ONLINE SERVICES
E-Commerce
Online Banking
Online Shopping
Online Selling

Ticket booking

Result declaration

Online form submission


http://www.citibank.com/us/home.htm

http://www.ebay.com/

http://www.myntra.com/

http://www.irctc.co.in/
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF INTERNET
Variety of hardware and software are used to make
Internet functional.

 Modem
Device that enables computers to communicate through
phone lines.
When we start internet the our modem communicates
to modem of ISP.
Cont..
 Computer
In addition to a modem, you need a client capable of
handling multiple data types.

 Software
Two types of software’s required to enable your PC as an
Internet PC.
 Communication software to establish connection
 Client software for browsing, e-mail, news.
APPLICATION OF INTERNET
Download programs and files
E-Mail
Voice and Video Conferencing
E-Commerce
File Sharing
Information browsing
Search the web addresses for access through search engine
Chatting and many more…
DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
Theft of personal information such as name, address,
credit card number etc.
Virus threats
Spamming refers to receiving unwanted e-mails in bulk
Pornography
Hacking – web site. Especially bank web site

Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its


misuse can be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its
disadvantages
INTRANET
INTRANET
Internal company network that uses Internet standards
(HTML, HTTP & TCP/IP protocols) & software.

Accessed only by authorized persons, especially members


or employees of the organization

Example : https://intranet.patni.com
Cont..
INTRANET SECURITY
Two levels of Security required:
Internal - Public Key Security & Encryption Key.

External - Firewall.
Security device located between firm’s internal network
(intranet) & external network (internet).
Regulates access into & out of a company’s network
based on a set of rules.
Note : needs to be upgraded from time to time to check
latest potential security problems.
APPLICATIONS OF INTRANET
Sharing of company policies/rules & regulations
Access employee database
Distribution of circulars/Office Orders
Access product & customer data
Sharing of information of common interest
Launching of personal/departmental home pages
Submission of reports
Corporate telephone directories
DISADVANTAGES OF INTRANET
Management problem
 A company may not have person to update their
intranet on routine basis.
 Fear of sharing information and the loss of control
 Limited bandwidth for the business
 Security problem
 Unauthorized access
 Abuse of access
 Denial of service
Cont..
 Productivity problem
 Information overload lowers productivity
 True purpose of the Intranet is unknown to many
employees/departments
 Hidden or unknown complexity and costs
EXTRANET
EXTRANET
Extranet is an Intranet for outside authorized users using
same internet technology.

Inter-organizational information system.

Enable outsiders to work together with company’s


employees.

Open to selected suppliers, customers & other business


partners
BENEFITS OF EXTRANET
Improved quality.
lower travel costs.
lower administrative & other overhead costs.
reduction in paperwork.
delivery of accurate information on time.
improved customer service.
better communication.
overall improvement in business
effectiveness.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXTRANET
The suppliers & customer who don’t
have technical knowledge feel problem.
Faceless contact.
Information can be misused by other competitors.
Fraud may be possible.
Technical Employees are required.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AN INTERNET,
INTRANET AND EXTRANET?
INTERNET : Available for everyone to use

INTRANET : Same friendly Web interface but along with


firewalls.

EXTRANET : It is somewhere in between—there's still a


firewall, but you allow only selected outsiders, such as
business partners and customers, inside.
INTERNET, INTRANET AND EXTRANET

Intranet Corporate members

Extranet Clients, partners, customers

Internet Global society: competitors


THANK YOU!

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