6.

3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms

Objective:
Prove that a given quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.

Handbook, p. 19
 6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
If…
both pairs of opposite sides are
parallel (definition),
one pair of opposite sides are
BOTH parallel and congruent (6.3.1),
both pairs of opposite sides are
congruent (6.3.2),
both pairs of opposite angles are
congruent (6.3.3),
one angle is supplementary to 1
both consecutive angles (6.3.4),2
then...
>>
it’s a parallelogram.
>>
>
it’s a parallelogram.
>
it’s a parallelogram.
it’s a parallelogram.
m2  m1  180
it’s a parallelogram.
3 m2  m3  180

the diagonals bisect each other (6.3.5), it’s a parallelogram.

6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms

Example 1:
Determine if the quadrilateral
must be a parallelogram. Justify
your answer.

Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

By 6-3-4, the quadrilateral must be a parallelogram.

6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms

Example 2:
Determine if the quadrilateral
must be a parallelogram.
Justify your answer.

Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

Only one pair of opposite angles are congruent, so not

enough information.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 3:
Determine if the quadrilateral must
be a parallelogram. Justify your
answer.

Is there anything else we can add to our picture?

Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent, so the

quadrilateral must be a parallelogram.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 4:
Determine if the quadrilateral must
be a parallelogram. Justify your
answer.

Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

Consecutive sides, not opposite sides are marked

congruent, so the quadrilateral IS NOT a parallelogram.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 5:
Show that JKLM is a
parallelogram for a = 3
and b = 9.
Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

15(3)  11  10(3)  4 5(9)  6  8(9)  21

6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
34  34 51  51
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

Since both pairs of opposite sides are congruent JKLM is a

parallelogram.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 6:
Show that PQRS is a
parallelogram for a = 2.4
and b = 9.

What will a and b let me find?

7(2.4)  2(2.4)  12 10(9)  16  9(9)  25  180
Definition: Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
6-3-1: One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
16.8  16.8 90  16  81  25  180
6-3-2: Both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
6-3-3: Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
180  180
6-3-4: One angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
6-3-5: The diagonals bisect each other.

Since one pair of opposite sides are both parallel and

congruent, PQRS is a parallelogram.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 7:
Show that quadrilateral JKLM is a parallelogram by using the
definition of parallelogram. J(–1, –6), K(–4, –1), L(4, 5), M(7, 0).
Definition: Opposite sides are parallel, so we need to show:
slope JK = slope LM slope KL = slope JM
1  6 05 5  1 0  6
4  1 74 4  4 7  1
5 5 6 6
3 3 8 8
Since slopes of opposite sides are the same, the opposite
sides are parallel.
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms
Example 8:
Show that quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram by using Theorem
6-3-1 if A(2, 3), B(6, 2), C(5, 0), and D(1, 1).
 6.3 Assignment

p. 402: 9-23, 26