Leyte Normal University

Tacloban City

MATTER
Dr. Ma. Victoria Delis-Naboya
 Matter:
It is anything that occupies
space and has mass.

It’s what the world’s made of.

Classification
of
Matter
Four classes of matter
• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures, and

• Solutions
• We can divide matter into two
types: homogeneous and heterogeneous
Homogeneous -- consists of only one visible
component.
Ex. distilled water, oxygen and graphite

than
Heterogeneous -- contain more one
visible component.
Ex. chocolate chip cookies, granite
Homogeneous matter
• appears to look similar througho
ut
• all parts are alike (appearance)

Ex: salt, sugar, whipped

cream
 Heterogeneous matter
• Matter that has different propertie
s

Ex: soil, cereal with raisins,

concrete
 What is a mixture?
• A combination of substa
nces

• Two or more substances

that are not chemically c
ombined
 Properties of mixtures
• The substances in a mixture keep
their separate identities (propertie
s)

Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water

 Separating mixtures
• The substances in a mixture ca
n be separated by simple physi
cal means

• Evaporation and filtration are

used to separate mixtures
 Types of mixtures
• Heterogeneous mixtures are th
e “least mixed” of all mixtures

• The different particles in mixtu

res are large enough to be see
n
 Homogeneous mixtures
•Homogenous mixtures
are “well mixed”
•Particles are small and
not easily recognized
 Solutions
•A solution is a mixture
in which a substance i
s dissolved in another
, “best mixed”
SOLUTION
A solution is a
homogeneous mixture
of two or more
substances

 It usually involve liquids

but don't have to (fog, steel)
The component present in
greater amounts is
the solvent.
water is the most common
solvent
the symbol (aq) is used when
something is dissolved in water

Component present in smaller

amount is the solute.
 Properties of a solution
• Particles are not large enough to be s
een

• Evenly spread particles

• Particles cannot be separated by sim

ple physical means
 Alloys
• Solutions of metals are allo
ys

Ex: gold jewelry, brass,

sterling silver, stainless
steel
 Pure substances
• Homogeneous matter is also k
nown as a pure substance

Properties: one kind of material

with the same properties
PURE SUBSTANCES
There are two types
Elements: cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
reactions
Ex. Iron, oxygen, magnesium
Compounds: made up of two or more
elements and can be changed into
elements or other compounds by
other reactions
Ex. Water, sugar
 Elements
• Simplest types pure substa
nces

• Made of only one type of atom

• Cannot be broken down by

chemical processes or heat
ing
 What is an atom?
•The smallest particle
that has the same pr
operties of the eleme
nt.
 Compounds
• Pure substances made of mor
e than one element is a compo
und

Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia,

sugar
 Molecules
• Two or more atoms that are
chemically bonded

• Smallest part of a compound

that has the same properties
of that compound
 Separating compounds
• Compounds are made of mole
cules

• Compounds can be broken do

wn into simpler substances b
y heating and electricity
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
How it looks?
How it feels?
How it smells?
How it sounds?
What it does?
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
– the properties that are
easily/readily observed by
the senses
-these properties may or may
not depend on the amount of
the substance
- classified
further as
extensive or
intensive physical
properties
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
– do not depend on the
amount
Ex. color density
taste luster
boiling point hardness
melting point
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
– depend on the amount
Ex. Mass
Volume
Length
Shape
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
– are often hidden
- they can be observed
or identified when a
substance undergoes a
reaction
-these are the properties that
accompany or bring about
chemical change
- when substances react in
the presence of air, an acid,
a base or other chemicals,
or when it is heated
 What do you know about matter?

Gases
Solids

Liquids
Plasma

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

 Solids
• Solids hold their
own shape.
• Solids have
weight.
• Solids take up
space.
 Particles in Solids:
• Are packed
tightly
together

• Have very
little energy
 Liquids
• Liquids take the
shape of their
container.
• Liquids have
weight.
• Liquids take up
space.
Particles in Liquids:

• Are loosely
packed
• Have medium
energy levels
 Gases
• Gases spread
out to fill the
entire space
given.
• Gases have
weight.
• Gases take up
space.
Particles in Gases:

• Move freely
• Have LOTS
of energy
Plasma

- this state of matter

exist at very high
temperature
 Plasma
• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent
light bulbs and Neon
lights.
• Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically
charged.
 Particles in Plasma:
• Are electrically
charged
• Have
EXTREMELY
high energy
levels
Bose-Einstein Condensate

- this state of matter

exist at very low
temperature
Energy determines the
state!
 Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move
faster!

When energy is taken away, particles

move slower!
What will happen? Why?
Solid + Energy = ?
• When energy is
added to solids,
they become
liquids!

• Examples?
Liquid + Energy = ?

• When energy is
added to liquids,
they become
gases!

• What examples
can you think of?
Changing States
• There are several names for
matter changing states:

–State change

–Phase change

–Physical change
CHANGES OF MATTER
- is the alteration in the form or
composition of matter

- are of three types:

a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Nuclear
 PHYSICAL CHANGE
- is a change in matter that involves
no chemical reaction
- when a substance undergoes
this type of change, the
composition of its molecules
remains unchanged, and the
substance does not lose its
chemical identity
PHYSICAL CHANGES IN
MATTER

cut
tear
fold
write on
paint
 LIQUID
CONDENSATION
MELTING

FREEZING EVAPORATION

SOLID SUBLIMATION
GAS
DEPOSITION
 CHEMICAL CHANGES IN
MATTER
- new matter is formed
burning
rusting
cooking
film processing