Topic 1

MATTER AND MEASUREMENT

Stephanie Noel
 Matter
 Matter is classified as anything that occupies
space and has mass.
 Matter can be classified by physical or chemical
properties.
 There are three states of matter: solid, liquid
and gas.
 It can be identified as an element, compound
or mixture.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
 A physical property can be observed or
measured without changing the composition
of matter.
 Examples of physical properties would be
volume, weight and colour.
Chemical Properties
 A chemical can only be observed or measured
by changing the chemical identity of the
substance.
 Examples of chemical properties would be
flammability and toxicity.
Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter
Physical Changes
 A change in matter that does not involve a
change in the chemical composition of the
substance.
 Examples of physical change would be copping
wood, boiling a pot of water, and dissolving
sugar into water.
Chemical Changes
 Chemical changes involve changes in matter
that alter the chemical composition of the
substance.
 All chemical reactions can be referred to as
chemical changes.
 Examples of chemical changes include burning
of magnesium metal, iron rust on a car and
even photosynthesis.
 States of Matter
 Changes in state is an example of physical
change.
 A solid is composed of tightly packed particles,
a solid can retain its shape, particles are unable
to move around.
 Liquid consists of more loosely packed particles.
Particles can move around more freely in a
liquid but can still take shape when put into a
container.
 Gas is composed of particles packed so loosely
that it can not keep a shape of any kind.
 In the picture to the right it shows the 3 main
states of matter and the key words used when
one state turns into another state.
 Classifying Molecules
 Molecules are classified based on the
number of atoms present.
 Diatomic molecules contain two molecules.
 Triatomic molecules contain three
molecules.
 Polyatomic molecules contain more than
three molecules.
 Molecules that contain only one kind of
atom are referred to as homoatomic
molecules.
 Molecules that contain two or more kinds
of atoms are referred to as heteroatomic
molecules.
 Pure Substances
 Pure substances can be further classified as
elements or compounds.
 Elements are made up of atoms of the same kind
and can all be identified on the periodic table.
 An example of an element is Potassium (K) and
Magnesium (Mg).
 Compounds are made up of two or more different
types of atoms.
 An example of a compound is table salt (NaCl) or
water (H2O).
 Mixtures
 There are two types of mixtures:
homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous
mixtures.
 Homogeneous mixtures have uniform
composition. The smaller component
completely dissolves in the larger component.
An example of this would be sugar water. The
sugar completely dissolves in the water.
 Heterogeneous mixtures do not have uniform
composition. The two substances do not
completely mix well with each other. An
example of this would be oil and water. The oil
would layer on top of the water.