Optical Microangiography (OMAG)

 A Label-Free 3-D Imaging

Technology to Visualize and
Quantify Blood Circulations
Within Tissue Beds In Vivo

Ruikang K. Wang
 WHAT IS ANGIOGRAPHY &
ANGIOGRAM
 Angiography is technic imaging blood
circulating paths, blocks or any other
disturbances.
 Mainly used to cardiovascular and
neuroscience
 Angiogram is a treatment to avoid that
disturbances.
 That means avoid to surgery(bypass or any
open crane surgery).
 INTRODUCTION
 Recently developed volumetric 3D imaging technique.
 It is capable of producing 3D dynamic blood perfusion
within microcirculatory tissue in vivo.
 Its image contrast of OMAG image is based on Intrinsic
optical scattering signal is backscattered by moving
blood cells in blood vessel.
 Using spectral interferogram.
 cortical blood perfusion in the brain of small animals
and blood flow within human retina and choroid.
 FEATURES
 Noninvasive and label free technique.
 Great value of resolution.
 Biomedical research, clinical diagnostics,
treatment of diseases.
 Accurate resolution micro vascular network.
 Simple imaging technique.
 Portable and easy to install.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
OMAG
 Spatial frequency analysis.
 Separate signals that are backscattered by moving
particle(blood cells) and stuck particle(tissues).
 And mathematically map and simultaneously.
 Spectral interferogram to full range complex
image.
 The result is high resolution mapping dynamic
capillary level resolution.
 Avail micro structural image.
 ADVANTAGES

 In vivo
 Not using radio active medicine
 Highly accurate.
 Imaging up to capillary level.
 3D information.
 Easy calculations.
 High speed
 Portable etc.
 THEORITICAL ASPECTS
 Fourier transform to separate the optical
(back scattered moving and stuck )signals.
 Hilbert transform to discriminate the
direction of moving blood cells.
 In Fourier domain optical coherent
transform(FDOCT) the spectral interference
signal formed.
 For using ultra high speed spectrometer
,between reference light and back scattered
light.
 CCD camera receives the dispersed optical
signal.
 FREQUENCY COMPONENT OF THE
TISSUE SAMPLE

Fig. 1. Diagram of frequency components for different tissue sample. (A) Ideal
tissue sample (optically homogeneous sample) with no moving particles.
(B) Real tissue sample (optically heterogeneous sample) with no moving particles.
(C) Real tissue sample (optically heterogeneous sample) with moving
particles
 MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION
 Camera wavelength is λ.
 Assume wave numbers broad light source are k0 to k0 +Δk,
where k0 = 2π/λ0.
 each pixel can be written as a function of ki (i = 1, 2, . . ., N).
 as a function of ki (i = 1, 2, . . ., N)
 I(ki, t)DFlow = 2S(ki)ERa(z1,t1)[cos[2kin(z1, t1 )(z1 − vt)+
j sin[2kin(z1, t1 )(z1 − vt)].
 I(ki) is the light intensity captured by the ith
 detector, S(ki) is the spectral density of the light source at ki ,
r is the optical path length for the light travelled in the
reference arm
 BASIC OMAG

Schematic of the OMAG system used in this study to image the

velocities of blood flow. PC: polarization controller and CCD. The laser diode
emitting the light at 633 nm was used for aiming purposes during imaging.
 SYSTEM SETUP
 A super luminescent diode (SLD) with a central wavelength of
1310 nm.
 which provided an axial imaging resolution of∼13 μm in air.
 The light was delivered onto a stationary mirror.
 The light was focused into a sample via an objective lens.
 The light backscattered from the sample and reflected from the
reference mirror were recombined by a 2 × 2 optical fiber
coupler.
 Then was routed to a home-built high-speed spectrometer via the
optical circulator.
 The spectrometer consisted of a collimator of30 mm focal
length, a 1200 lines/mm transmitting grating, an achromatic lens
with 100 mm focal length, and a 14-bit, 1024 pixels InGaAs line
scan camera.
 RESULT AND IMAGING

small animals has proven invaluable in understanding

mechanisms of human cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolisms.
Fig. gives the cross-sectional micro structural image of the
scanned tissue slice
Fig. indicates that the
current OMAG system is capable of
imaging blood flowing in
capillaries.
imaging results obtained from a cortical
tissue volume of 2.2×2.2×1.7mm3 in a
livemouse brain

while imaging time was less

than ∼25 s
micro vascular blood perfusion was
clearly delineated and localized
within the tissue volume
 Doppler OMAG (DOMAG)
 To obtain quantitative blood flow information, we have
further advanced OMAG by combining the laser Doppler
velocimetry technique with OMAG.
 determine the velocities of blood flows within all vessels
in the scanned tissue.
 OMAG Offers Opportunity to Examine Cerebral Blood
Perfusion Changes Globally and in Individual Vessels
Over Cortex.
 may be a useful tool for the investigation of diseases,
where changes in blood perfusion play an important role
in etiology,pathogenesis, prognosis, or response to
treatments.
(A) OMAG, and (B) DOMAG images

DOMAG to quantify blood flows within scanned tissue.

CBF over the entire cortex of an adult mouse is imaged in
vivo with the skull left intact
OMAG Images Human Retina
and Choroids
 The most recent development in imaging the
ocular blood perfusion in humans is to use phase
resolved Doppler OCT.
 DOCT uses optical phases in the interference
signals to evaluate the blood flow.
 Optical phases is very sensitive to the sample
movement, optical heterogeneity of tissue
 All of these results demonstrate that OMAG
delivers superior imaging performance, not only
in retina, but also in choroids, including the
capability of imaging capillary vessels
OMAG Images the Blood Perfusion Within
Human Retina
and Choroids
compared to the imaging results animal brain
and the human retina
 1) there is inevitable, severe motion in
human retina imaging
 a better approach than the current phase
compensation method is needed to improve
the OMAG performance imaging the
capillary blood flows within the human
retina
 2) the capillary vessel density in human
retina may be less than in the animal brain.
 CONCLUSION
 high-resolution imaging of blood perfusion within localized blood
vessel.
 localization of blood perfusion in 3-D microstructures
 The use of contrast agents and newer imaging agents administered into
blood, for example, nanoparticles and micro bubbles may offer a
potential to increase the light backscattered from the moving elements.
 Easily implemented in both the hospital and research laboratory
environments.
 the visualization and quantification of
 the microcirculation are important for understanding mechanisms and
treatments, e.g., tumour angiogenesi.
 where ocular and retinal circulatory
 beds are very important in the diagnosis and management of disorders,
such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular
degeneration.
THANK YOU