Lesson 1: Global City

O Global city is the concourse of the globalizing forces like:

amalgamation of population, migration of people,
production flow and birth of divert ideas and lived
experiences of individual within the city.
O The key indicator of global city is the cultural diversity
due to migration.
O “Glocal ” is the combination of word “globalization” and
“localization” these are globally marketed products and
services into the local markets.
O In 1927, Roderick McKenzie conceptualized the term
global networks of cities and by the 1980’s the term
global city was used.
O According to Zukin (1998) as cited by Peisker
(2014) in a global city, everyday life is shaped by
commercial culture, retail, and shopping. Example
of these is the emergence of cross cultural variety
of food, fashion and entertainment. This help
migrants, who feel displacement, feel their own
culture through music, movies, food and fashion.
O According to Renn (2012) a global city is significant
point of specialized financial and producer services
that make the globalized economy run.
O Agglomeration- economics tends to cluster in a
limited number of cities since specialized firms also
gathers in these cities.
O Sassen (1991) as cited by Peisker (2014), identifies
the three global cities, New York, Tokyo and London.
The critteria is based on the economic standing of
the city. They’re the main nodes of global capitalism.
O Zukin introduces another way of categorizing global
city. Cultural View Approach reviews the cultural
innovation and the ability to attract visitors thus the
three global cities which qualify the category are New
York, Paris and London
 Global Cities Index Emerging Cities Outlook
Jakarta 1
City 2014 2012 2010 2008
New York 1 1 1 1 Manila 2
London 2 2 2 2 Addla Ababa 3
Paris 3 3 4 3 Sao Paulo 4
Tokyo 4 4 3 4 New Delhi 5
Hongkong 5 5 5 5 Rio De Janeiro 6
Los Angeles 6 6 7 6 Bogota 7
Chicago 7 7 6 8 Mumbai 8
Beijing 8 14 15 12
Malbori 9
Singapore 9 11 8 7
Kuala Lumpur 10
Washington 10 10 13 11
Singapore 11
Brussels 11 9 11 13
Seoul 12 8 10 9 Bangalore 12
Toronto 13 16 14 10 Beijing 13
Sydney 14 12 9 16 Johannesburg 14
Madrid 15 18 17 14 Kelkata 15
Vienna 16 13 18 18 Istanbul 16
Moscow 17 19 25 19 Cape Town 17
Shanghai 18 21 21 20 Chennal 18
Berlin 19 20 16 17
Tunis 19
Buenos Aires 20 22 22 33
Dhaka 20
Caragas 21
O AT Kearney’s list uses criteria across five dimensions

O Business Activity (headquarters, services firms,

capital markets value, number of international
conferences, value of goods through ports and
airports)
O Human Capital (size of foreign born population,
quality of universities, number of international
schools, international student population, number of
residents with college degrees)
O Information Exchange (accessibility of major TV news
channels, Internet presence (basically number of
search hits), number of international news bureaus,
censorship, and broadband subscriber rate)
O Cultural Experience (number of sporting event,
museums, performing arts venues, culinary
establishments, international visitors, and sister city
relationships)
O Political Engagement (number of embassies and
consulates, think tanks international organizations,
political conferences)
 The Mori Memorial
Foundation Criteria
O The Mori Memorial Foundation in Tokyo
published another study with the following
criteria:
1. Economy (Market Attractiveness, Economic
Vitality, Business Environment, Regulations
and Risk)
2. 2.Research and Development (Research
Background, Readiness for Accepting and
Supporting Researchers, Research
Achievement)
3.Cultural Interaction (Trendsetting Potential,
Accommodation Environment, Resources of
Attracting Visitors, Dining and Shopping Volume
of Interaction)
4. Livability (Working Environment, Cost of
Living, Security and Safety Life Support
Functions)
5. Environment (Ecology, Pollution, Natural
Environment)
6.Accessibility (International Transportation
Infrastructure, Inner City Transportation
Infrastructure
 Economist Intelligence Unit's
Global City Competitiveness
O They rank cities on a number of domains:
1.Economic Strength (Nominal GDP,per capita GDP, %
of households with economic consumption
$14,000/yr, real GDP growth rate, regional market
integration)
2. Human Capital (population growth, working age
population, healthcare, hiring of foreign nationals)
3. Institutional Effectiveness (electoral reneurship and
risk taking mindset, quality of education, quality of
process and pluralism, local government fiscal
autonomy, taxation, rule of law, government
effectiveness)
4.Financial Maturity (breadth and depth of financial
cluster)
5.Global Appeal (Fortune 500 companies, frequency of
international flights, international conferences and
conventions, leadership in higher education, renowned
think tanks)
6. Physical Capital (physical infrastructure quality,
public transport quality, telecom quality)
7. Environment and Natural Hazards (risk of natural
disaster, environmental governance)
8. Social and Cultural Character (freedom of
expression and human rights, openness and diversity,
crime, cultural vibrancy)
1.Advanced producer services production node. The
cities that in these functions have a Buffett-like "wide
moat" sustainable competitive advantages. The cities
with large concentrations of these are those which
can generate significantly above average economic
output incomes per worker.
2. Economic giants are cities with great GDP
3. International Gateway. Measures of the importance
of a city in the international flows of people and
goods. Examples would be the and cargo gateway
figures.
4.Political and Cultural Hub. An important distinction
should perhaps be made here between hubs that may
be large but of primarily national example, there are
many media hubs around the world, but few of them
are home to outlets like the BBC that drive the global
conversation
Global Demography
 Demography
O Demography is the science of
populations. Demographers
seeks to understands population
dynamics by investigation three
main demographic process:
birth, migration and aging.
Why Demography matters
O In 1950 the world population is just 2.0
billion, in 2005 the population was 6.5
billion. In 2050 the estimated population is
9 billion . A 50 million growth year per year.
O After the increase, the world will experience
a global decline of population- slower
growth. Increase decline, older people and
more urban living
O The interest of people about demography
increase due to a so called demographic
change.
O This so called demographic change is now
the subject of political debates in many
developed countries co’z they experience
birth rates below replacement level of 2.1
children per woman and at the same time
the life expectancy has been risng
considerably and continues to rise.
O Demography is not only concerned with
birthrate, migration and morality but it actually
gives us communities information they need to
plan future investments and services.
 Destiny vs Choice
O Demography is not a destiny as per Giacomo
Casanova, he explained two centuries ago “
There is no such thing a destiny. We
ourselves shape our own lives.’
O Our decision may be affected by the policies,
events, calamities, economic flow and
others.
O Despite all the challenges we have to understand
that we have a choice if we only understand
differences and not to be deterministic in our
prescription.
O Demography has been of understanding global
changes, economic greatness and downfall, social
and cultural diversity and dynamism
O Developed countries continue to decline in terms of
fertility resulted by a great shift from young to ageing
population. Meanwhile in developing countries, they
are experiencing explosion due to improved nutrition,
public health infrastructure and medical care.
 Erratic Mortality
O In the past 19th and 20th century, there are
changes in demography due to reform in the
system of pathology. The system evolved
because of genetic mutation and social
inheritance through changing interaction.
O There are crisis produced naturally and the
so-called ancient regime crisis
O After a great crisis it will be followed by Rebound
and Adjustment of the demographic system.
Oftentimes, rebound follows a crisis like the
increase of prices of goods due to a bad
weather, a war followed by famine, epidemic
and other diseases.
O Whenever there is a crisis, mortality rises due to
dissolution of marriages because of widowhood,
fewer new marriages which results to low
conception and birth.
O Adjustment requires time; factors which affect
responses are compound and adaptable.
O Therefore, we cannot isolate one factor from the
other since most of the time the two are of mutable
force and impact.
Five Big Demographic Trends
Shaping the World
O 1. The ratio of children to older citizens is
declining: The ratio of children to older
citizens stands at about 3.1 but is declining.
By around 2040 there will be older citizens
than children. By 2050, there will be twice
as older citizens as there are children. Some
exceptions to this however are China and
Russia
O 2. There has been a sea-change in the nature
of illness to non-communicable diseases: One
of the consequences of rapid aging and rising e
"sea change in the nature of illness and
disease and therefore scientific and
pharmaceutical businesses
O 3. The speed of aging is rising rapidly in
emerging economies. The time taken to double
the share of those over 60 yearsold from 7% to
14%: The population took a long time in
western countries. But the emerging are aging
"at an astounding pace.
O 4. Old age dependency ratio is rising rapidly in
Japan, European countries, but at a slower
pace in Anglo Saxon dependence of those over
65 on the working age population is referred to
as the olddependency ratio. This is a product
of weak fertility and rising economies
O 5. It’s getting harder to exploit demographic
dividend. This is a phase that countries go
through when child dependency is falling and
the working population is expanding. But also
they are in the phase that old age starts to
rise.