Introduction to Engineering

International University of Science &

Technology

Faculty of Engineering Technology

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 1
Text Book

Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.

2015 IUST 2
Text Book

Introduction to Engineering, 3rd Edition

Paul H. Wright
John Wiley & Sons, Inc (2002)

Credits: 1
Attendance & Assignments: 10%
First & Second Exams: 20% + 20%
Final Exam: 50%

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 3
Course Overview
 History of Engineering
 Engineering Definition
 The Engineers as Professionals
 Learning and Creative Thoughts
 Problem Solving
 Engineering Communications
 Engineering Calculation
 Case Study

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 4
What does Engineering Mean?
“Engineering is the application of science to the
common purpose of life”
Count Rumford, 200 years ago

 Creative Problem Solving

 Creating, designing, testing and improving
systems
 Apply math and science to life
 Study of how things work

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 5
What does Engineering Mean?
 Engineering is Art:
 Bridges, Cars….

 Engineering is Invention:
 Spaceships & Space Stations
 Rockets, Computing …

 Engineering is Measurement and Estimation:

 Electronic Microscope, CAD/CAM
systems.. (computer-aided design and computer-aided
manufacturing)

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 6
Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.
2015 IUST 7
Common Reasons to Study Engineering?

 Proficiency in Math & Sciences

 Has a relative who is an engineer …

 A field with tremendous job opportunities

 High salaries!!!

 Suggested by a relative or a friend

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 8
Brief History of Engineering?
 The word “engineer” comes from the same Latin
word “ingenium” as the words “genius” and
“ingenious.”

 In prehistoric times, there had always been

‘engineers’ to survive the harsh environment
such as climate, hunger, enemies…

 Those men & women ‘engineers’ helped in

hunting, farming, fishing, tool making,
transportation…etc.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 9
Engineering in the early Civilizations
The Mesopotamians
 Developed wedges, wheels.
 Constructed canals, temples.
 Developed significant irrigation and flood
control systems

 The code of Hamurabi (1850 to 1750 B.C.)

provided an important message dealing with the
quality assurance and professional responsibility.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 10
Engineering in the early Civilizations
The Egyptians
 Developed earliest form of surveying

 Built the tallest, broadest structures in the

world, the Pyramids.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 11
Contribution of the Greeks

The Greeks (beginning 600 B.C.):

 Focused mainly on theory, and placed little value

on experimentation.
 First builders of Harbors
 Constructed first navigation light house
 Constructed Tunnels, Temples

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 12
Contribution of the Romans

The Romans (535 B.C. - 467 B.C. ):

 Functional works rather than artistic ones.

 Developed methods of construction, using
hydraulic cement.
 Built fortifications, rods, aqueducts, water
distribution systems and public buildings across
cities they ruled.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 13
Advancement of Engineering (1750 to 1900 AD)
 Steam Engines (Savery, Newcomen, Watt & Trevithic).
 Screw-cutting and other Machine Tools, machinery for
the mass production of industrial goods (Whitworth).
 Railways (Stephenson, Brunel & others).
 Electric Battery (Volts), the Electric Bulb (Edison), and
the Induction Motor (Telsa).
 Communications by Telegraph (Morse).
 Development of a new profession, Civil Engineering.
(civil means non-military).
 Travel by Air was the next step, leading to commercial
traveling. (Wright Brs.).
 Nuclear Power stations to generate electricity.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 14
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:

 20 High performance Materials:

 From the building blocks of iron and steel to the latest advances in

polymers, ceramics, and composites.

 19 Nuclear Technologies:
 Changed the nature of war with its awesome destructive power

 New source of electric power.

 New capabilities in medical research and imaging.

 18 Laser and Fiber Optics:

 Leasers are used in industrial tools, surgical devices, satellites.

 Glass fibers provide the infrastructure to carry information. A

single fiber-optic cable can transmit tens of millions of phone calls,

data and information.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 15
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:

 17 Petroleum and Gas Technologies:

 Petroleum provide fuel for cars, homes, and industries.

 Petrochemicals are used in products ranging from aspirin to health and

beauty products.
 Petroleum has had an enormous impact on world economies and politics.
 16 Health Technologies:
 Diagnostic and treatment equipment, Artificial organs, replacement joints,
imaging technologies, and bio-materials, etc..
 15 Household Appliances:
 Electric ranges, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, dryers, smart homes.
 14 Imaging Technologies:
 Probing the human body, mapping oceans, tracking the weather.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 16
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:

 13 The Internet:
 Provided global access to vast stores of information.
 The internet is changing business practices, educational pursuits,
and personal communications.
 12 Space Exploration:
 Spacecrafts expanded our knowledge base, and improved our
capabilities, etc..
 11 Interstate Highways:
 Roads, bridges, and tunnels connecting communities, enabling
goods and services to reach remote areas.
 10 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration:

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 17
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:

 9 Telephone:
 From cupper wires to fiber optic, switchboards to satellites.
 Multimedia phones
 8 Computers:
 Increasing productivity and opening access to all sources of
information, etc..
 7 Agriculture Mechanization:
 Machinery of farms, i.e. tractors, cultivators, combines…, they
increased farm efficiency and productivity.
 6 Radio & Television:
 Radio & Television had the greatest impact on social changes in
the 20th century, opening access to remote areas and villages.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 18
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:
 5 Electronics:
 Electronics provide the basis for countless innovations, TVs, computers,
comm. Equipment…
 From vacuum tubes to transistors, to integrated circuits, engineers have
made electronics smaller, more powerful and efficient.
 4 Safe and Abundant Water:
 Water Treatment and distribution had almost totally eliminated many
diseases and brought water to remote areas.
 3 Airplane:
 Transports goods and people quickly around the globe, facilitating our
personal, cultural and commercial interaction.
 2 Automation:
 The worlds major transporter of people and goods, and a stong source of
economic growth and stability.
Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 19
Engineering in the 20th Century
Top 20’s greatest achievements:

 1 Electrification:
 Electrification powers almost every pursuit and
enterprise in modern society. It has impacted
countless areas of our daily life, including food
production, air conditioning and heating,
entertainment, transportation, communications, heath
care and computers.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 20
Assignment

What is in your opinion the single most contribution that

engineers have made for the advancement of society?

Write a brief one page report supporting your opinion.

Due next week.

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 21
 Review Questions
 Water wheels could supply a whole city’s
water needs.
Tor F
 The most significant advances made by
Roman engineers was with bridges.
T or F
 Romans were the first to discover
A. Clay Brick
B. Cement
C. Iron
Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.
2015 IUST 22
 Mesopotamians used what building
material?
A. Steel
B. Clay Brick
C. Asphalt
 The Greeks focused mainly on:
A. Art
B. Theory
C. Functional works

Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.

2015 IUST 23
 The code of Hamurabi described:
A. Professional responsibility
B. Methods for flood control
C. Meaning of engineering.
 The Egyptians:

A. Developed significant irrigation and flood control

systems
B. Developed earliest form of surveying
C. Constructed Tunnels, Temples

Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.

2015 IUST 24
 Electrification is:
A. being shocked by electricity
B. Electrification powers almost every pursuit
and enterprise in modern society
C. not an important engineering
accomplishment

Introduction To Engineering, 2nd.

2015 IUST 25