Group members :

 Naresh
 Siju T
 Tom George
 Venishetty
“The possibilities of utilizing the
forces of the tides will soon be
manifest”
AdolphSutro, 1887
 This is the only form of
energy whose source is
the moon.
 Some other energy
sources, nuclear power
and geothermal energy
for instance, have the
Earth as their source.
 The remainder, fossil
fuels, wind energy,
biofuels, solar energy,
etc. have the Sun as
their source, directly or
indirectly.
 The tidal power is generated by
the gravitational pull of the Moon
on water. Due to these
gravitational forces the water
level follows a periodic high and
low.
 The height of the tide produced
at a given location is the result of
the changing positions of the
Moon and Sun relative to the
Earth coupled with the effects of
Earth rotation and the local shape
of the sea floor.
 The tidal energy generator uses
this phenomenon to generate
energy. The higher the height of
the tide the more promising it is
to harness tidal energy.
 Tides generated by the combination
of the moon and sun’s gravitational
forces
 Greatest affect in spring when moon
and sun combine forces
 Bays and inlets amplify the height of
the tide
 In order to be practical for energy
production, the height difference
needs to be at least 5 meters
 Only 40 sites around the world of
this magnitude
 Overall potential of 3000 gigawatts
from movement of tides
 Spring Tides
 Year round
 Occur during full moon and new moon
 Due to the linear pattern of SME
 Causes stronger tides: increased current
and tidal ranges • • •
 Neap Tides

 Moon and sun are perpendicular to each

other
 Weak currents, lower tidal ranges
 Occur during quarter moons • •
Neap Tides Versus Spring Tides
Tidal currents vary primarily on
a fourteen day lunar cycle
3
Spring Tides (strongest)
2
Current Velocity (m/s)

-1

-2

-3

-4
1-Feb 6-Feb 11-Feb 16-Feb 21-Feb 26-Feb
Neap Tides (weakest)
Date
Resource • Driven by uneven
heating of earth’s
• Driven by gravitational
pull of moon and sun
surface by sun • Highly localized -
• Occurs throughout the requiring specific tidal

COMPARISON world range and bathymetry

BETWEEN
• Intermittent • Intermittent
Availability • Long-term predictions as • Predictable centuries in
WINDforecastAND TIDAL
good as a weather advance

ENERGY
Proximity to Often distant from load
centers
Often close to load centers

Loads
Maturity Mature technology Developing technology
 Ancient Tide Mills

 During the Roman occupation of England,

tide mills were built to grind grain and corn
 These tide mills operated by storing water
behind a dam during high tide. As the tide
receded the water was slowly let out from
behind the dam in order to power the mill.
 Nendrum Monastic Tidal Site

 Discovered in 1999
 Unveiled was a stone
built tidal mill and
evidence of an
ancient tidal mill
dating back to 787
A.D. •
 Tidal Energy:
 Worldwide distribution
 Efficient technology
 Multiple benefits
 The Current Situation
 Tidal Energy is sustainable, clean, reliable,
widely distributed, and can offer significant
benefits to many marine nations.
 Tidal Energy can be captured in an efficient
and cost-effective way.
 Tidal Energy is not yet recognized by the United Nations
as an energy resource that should receive support and
funding for its development.
 Tidal Energy is a
clean, renewable
source of
energy--such as
solar, wind,
biofuels, and
low-head hydro--
and deserves
official
international
support and
funding for its
development
World Map of the Distribution of Tidal
Energy

Red areas in the ocean

have the most intense
Tidal Energy.
 Developing Nations that could receive
significant benefits from Tidal Energy
 ________________________________________
Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles.
 Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam.
 Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.
 Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador,
Guyana, Panama, Surinam.
 Atlantic Ocean: Cape Verde.
 All coastal nations with tidal passes between coral reefs
or offshore islands.
 Significant benefits
from using Tidal Energy
 Applicable wherever water speeds reach above 2 knots
 All coastal nations with tidal passes or channels between
coral reefs or offshore islands
 Tidal energy is extremely reliable: runs every day like
clockwork
 Tidal energy is very predictable: can be accurately calculated
a thousand years from now
 Strong ocean currents, for example Gulf Stream
 Rivers, especially in hills. Hydro-electric without dams.
 Modern advances in turbine technology may eventually see
large amounts of power generated from the ocean especially
tidal currents using the tidal stream designs.
Tidal Power Plant
At a very basic level, tidal currents are generated
by the rise and fall of the tides – water Resource
Tidal Currents
runsand
Resource and
downhill Performance
Performance

Side
Side View
View Top
Top View
View
Ocean

Water level Ocean

increasing
Flood tide Tidal
Slack water Basin

Tidal
Ebb tide Basin
Water level
decreasing

Seabed

• Slack water • Flood Tide • Ebb Tide

― Constant water height ― Water level higher outside ― Water level higher in basin
― No velocity estuary than in main basin than ocean
― Water flows into estuary ― Water flows out of basin

015,09-07-06,SNOPUD.ppt
 Tidal stream turbines may be arrayed in high velocity
areas where natural flows are concentrated such as the
west coast of Canada, the Strait of Gibraltar, the
Bosporus, and numerous sites in south east Asia and
Australia. Such flows occur almost anywhere where
there are entrances to bays and rivers, or between land
masses where water currents are concentrated.
 Leading tidal energy pioneers,
including
 Marine Current Turbines
 Open Hydro
 Atlantis Resources Corporation
 Verdant Power
 Voith Siemens
 The Crown Estate
Tidal power types
Tidal power can be classified
into two main types:
 Tidal stream systems make
use of the kinetic energy
from the moving water
currents to power turbines,
in a similar way to wind mills
use moving air. This method
is gaining in popularity
because of the lower cost
and lower ecological impact.
 Barrages make use of the
potential energy from the
difference in height
between high and low tides.
Barrages suffer from the
problems of very high civil
infrastructure costs, few
viable sites globally and
environmental issues.