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Pedram Abbasi
news.mit.edu
Current states of Li Batteries
Production of Electric Drive Vehicle (EDV) batteries has been ~ doubling globally
every year since 2010.
Economies of scale continue to push costs towards $200/kWh.
New material chemistries and lower-cost manufacturing, cost parity with (Internal
Combustion Engines (ICEs)) should be reached in the next ten years.
Tesla’s battery pack in the floorpan of the Model S (Image: First Reporter)
Five common 2D materials reported for charge storage application. Different synthetic approaches for the preparation of 2D materials.
Figure2. a) Schematic illustration of a rechargeable Li-air cell based on a GNSs electrode. b) Discharge profiles
of the 20 wt% Pt/CB, GNS, and acetylene black electrodes at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 for 24 hours,
respectively. c) Correlation between cycle numbers and capacity of Li-air cells based on GNS electrodes.
Reproduced with permission.
10.1021/nn200084u
Carbon based doped materials for Li-Air Batteries Nitrogen Doped Graphene
10.1039/C2JM34718K 10.1021/nn303275d
r-GO with LiI for high cycle life lithium air Reduced Graphene Oxide
Figure5. a) SEM image of pristine rG-O electrodes used in the Li-O 2 battery. b) Discharge/charge curves for Li-O
2 battery using mesoporous SP and TiC, and macroporous rG-O electrodes, with capacities limited to 500 mAh g
−1 . Discharge/charge curves for Li-O 2 batteries using rG-O electrodes with capacity limits of: c) 1000 mAh g c −1
, d) 5000 mAh g c −1 , and e) 8000 mAh g c −1 , and f) as a function of rate. DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7730.
10.1126/science.aac7730
Ir-rGO for lithium superoxide battery
Iridium- Reduced Graphene oxide
Figure 6. Electrochemical tests and discharge products. a, Voltage profiles of the Ir–
rGO cathode. Inset shows capacity as a function of cycle number. b, Voltage profiles
of the rGO cathode. Inset shows capacity as a function of cycle number. c, Main
panel, SEM image of discharge product on Ir–rGO (scale bar, 1 µm d, DEMS profile
showing O2, H2 and CO2 gases released (n′ is the number of moles per second) from
the cell during the charging
doi:10.1038/nature16484
Carbon-Free Materials - TMDCs
DOI:10.1038/nnano.2012.193
Carbon-Free Materials - TMDCs
Zhang, Panpan, et al. "MoS2 nanosheets decorated with gold nanoparticles for
rechargeable Li–O2 batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3.28 (2015).
in Lithium-Air Battery
Carbon-Free Materials – TMDCs
(c)
(d)
Figure 8.
(a) SEM images of MoS2 NFs deposited on the gas diffusion layer.
(b) (b) Dynamic light scattering and Raman spectroscopy of MoS2 NFs.
(c) Charging and discharging voltage profiles of a battery using
(e) (f) carbon-free MoS2 NFs and an ionic liquid electrolyte saturated with
0.1M LiTFSI as a Li salt. (d) Differential electrochemical mass
spectroscopy (DEMS) profiles of the cell after the 1st, 20th, and
50th cycles.
(e) An optical image of a crytalline structure of MoS2 grown by chemical vapor transport method.
(f) Synthesized TMDC NFs after 20 hours of sonication and 1 hour of centrifugation at 2000 rpm. Asadi, Mohammad, et al. "Cathode Based on Molybdenum Disulfide
Nanoflakes for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries." ACS nano 10.2 (2016).
Carbon-Free Materials - h–BN
DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2015.277
Carbon-Free Materials - h–BN Hexagonal boron nitride as SEI Layer in Lithium-Air Battery
Yan, Kai, et al. "Ultrathin two-dimensional atomic crystals as stable interfacial layer for improvement of lithium metal anode." Nano letters 14.10 (2014): 6016-6022.
Transition metal oxides:
DOI: 10.1039/C5EE01451D
Conclusion
Carbon based two dimensional materials such as graphene and reduced graphene oxides
have been widely utilized as air cathode and catalyst for Li-air batteries, there are still lot of
room for discoveries in this field.
Other two dimensional families such as TMDCs or TMOs have shown promising
performance to be used as the air cathode and also SEI layer for anode protection
More in-depth modeling and predictive tools are needed to be able to find the right two-
dimensional structures that can address not only the cathode interphase issues but also
electrolyte and anode limitations as well.
Practical implementation of Li-air as an alternative for current Li-ion systems requires some
techno economical assessments such as designing the battery pack, power densities at
different charge-discharge rates etc. that are as important as catalysis development.