HOLIDAY’S HOMEWORAK

MANVEEN KAUR
7-C
MANAGEMENT OF WATER
 WASTE WATER

 Wastewater and effluent treatment processes are becoming increasingly

important issues for many organizations around the world as they strive to
reduce waste, meet increasingly stringent wastewater and effluent
discharge consent conditions, and reduce total operating costs
 WATER TREATMENT

 Wastewater treatment is a process to convert wastewater - which is water no

longer needed or suitable for its most recent use - into an effluent that can
be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or
reused. The latter is called water reclamation and implies avoidance of
disposal by use of treated wastewater effluent for various purposes.
Treatment means removing impurities from water being treated; and some
methods of treatment are applicable to both water and wastewater. The
physical infrastructure used for wastewater treatment is called a "wastewater
treatment plant" (WWTP).[1]
 SECONDRY TREATMENT

 Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to

achieve a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment
plant with physical phase separation to remove settleable solids and a
biological process to remove dissolved and suspended organic
compounds. After this kind of treatment, the wastewater may be called as
secondary-treated wastewater.
 TERTIARY TREATMENT

Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused,
recycled or discharged to the environment.

The treatment removes remaining inorganic compounds, and substances, such as the nitrogen and
phosphorus.

Bacteria, viruses and parasites, which are harmful to public health, are also removed at this stage.

Wastewater flows from the biological reactor and IDAL to a pumping station and meet in the flash
mixer.

Alum is used to help remove additional phosphorus particles and group the remaining solids together
for easy removal in the filters.
 VERMICOMPOSTING

 Vermicomposting is the product or process of

composting using various worms, usually red wigglers,
white worms, and other earthworms to create a
heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or
food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.
Vermicast, also called worm castings, worm humus or
worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of
organic matter by an earthworm.[1] These castings have
been shown to contain reduced levels of contaminants
and a higher saturation of nutrients than do organic
materials before vermicomposting.[2]
 SEWAGE TREATMENT

 Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from

wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It includes physical,
chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants
and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated
effluent). A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid
waste or slurry, called sewage sludge, that has to undergo further
treatment before being suitable for disposal or land application.

 Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater

treatment, although the latter is a broader term which can also be
applied to purely industrial wastewater. For most cities, the sewer
system will also carry a proportional of industrial effluent to the
sewage treatment plant which has usually received pretreatment at
the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load. If the sewer
system is a combined sewer then it will also carry urban runoff
(stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant.
 SEPTIC TANK
A septic tank is a key component of the septic system, a small-
scale sewage treatment system common in areas that lack
connection to main sewage pipes provided by local
governments or private corporations. Other components,
generally controlled by local governments, may include pumps,
alarms, sand filters, and clarified liquid effluent disposal methods
such as a septic drain field, ponds, natural stone fiber filter plants
or peat moss beds.
 LANDFILL

 A landfill site (also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump or dumping ground and
historically as a midden[1]) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is
the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common
method of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the
world.

 Some landfills are also used for waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage,
consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling).
 INCINERATION
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials.[1] Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the
waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of
the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The
flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed
into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to
generate electric power.