THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

PART III
THE MEDIUM
OF MUSIC
• The Musical Instrument
1.The Stringed Instrument
1.Viola
2.Violin
3.Cello
4.Double Bass
5.Harp
6.Guitar
Banjo, Lute, Mandolin and
Ukulele
2. The Wood Wind Instruments
1.Flute
2.Piccolo
3.Clarinet
4.Oboe
5.Cor-Anglais
6.Bassoon
7.Contrabassoon or
Double Bassoon
8. Saxophone
3. Brass Instruments
1.Trumpet
2.The Horn
3.The Trombone
4.The Tuba
4. The Percussion Instruments
1.Kettle Drum/Tympani
2.Chimes
3.Glockenspiel
4.Xylophone
5.Vibraphone
6.Cymbals
7.Bass Drum, Tambourine,
Castanets, Maracas,
Chinese Gong
5. The Key Board
Instruments
1.Piano
2.Harpsichord
3.Celesta
4.Organ
9. Instrumental Groups
1.Orchestra
2.Band
3.Chamber Music
10. Philippine Instrumental
Groups
1.Rondalla
2.Musikang Bumbong
3.Pangkat Kawayan
11. Conductor
12. Human Voice
1.Soprano
2.Alto
3.Mezzo Soprano
4.Tenor
5.Bass
6.Baritone
 THE MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS

Sound is the material of music.

Music produced sound.
Tones are produced by man-made
instruments and by the human voice.
 TWO MEDIUMS IN MUSIC

A. Sounds produced by instruments.

B. Groups of musical instruments
Vibrators –objects that are made to
produce sound.
 Resonators – any instruments that
amplifies the vibrators .
 THE FAMILY OR CHOIR OF
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
A. The Stringed Instruments.
It is made of string and
produces a hollow sound box
across which nylon, wire or guts
strings are stretched.
 1. VIOLIN
It is the
smallest of the
stringed
instrument in
the symphony
orchestra. It
also has the
highest
pitched.
2. VIOLA –

Slightly larger
than the violin.

It also has the

longer, thicker and
heavier string,
played by tucking
it under the chin.
 3. CELLO
It is much
longer than the
violin and the
viola.

To play it is
propped
between the
musician’s knee
and is rested on
the floor.
Cello
4. DOUBLE
BASS

The largest
among the
string family.
It has the
lowest pitch.
The musician
needs to stand
up to hold it.
 HARP

It is one of the
oldest instrument
known, although not
part of the regular
member of the
orchestra.
 5. Guitar
It is the most popular stringed
instrument.
It is seldom use in the orchestra.
It is always a part of the jazz band.
It is always use to accompany the singing of
the folk songs.
It is also use as a solo instrument.
Guitar
Classical
Guitar
Electric Guitar
Banjo, Lute,
Mandolin,
and ukulele
Banjo
Lute
 OTHER ETHNIC
STRINGED
INSTRUMENTS FROM
OTHER COUNTRIES
Saung Gauk
Balalaika
Appalacian Dulcimer
Hammered Dulcimer
Koto-iS
UD of Egypt
 Krar
of
Ethiopia
Hurdy-Gurdy
Renaissance String Instrument
Cithara
Shamisen String Square
Chinese Qin
Beganna
Sitar
Sivanesan String Instrument
Koto
Car Parts Musical Instruments
 B. THE WOOD
WINDS.
It is found behind the
string instruments in an
orchestra.
It is played by blowing
into them.
 1. THE FLUTE
A slender pipe
made of wood
and metal.
 It is a
melody
instrument.
 It often
played a solo
part in the
orchestral
composition.
 .
PICCOLO

A replica of the
flute and,
woodwind with
reed at the
mouthpieces
 3. CLARINET
It is a flat piece
of cane place
against a flat
surface.

It is a cylindrical
and it plays alto
when the flute
place the melody.
.
 4. OBOE
It is a slender
instrument
about the same
length as the
flute.

The tone is
nasal
5. COR-ANGLAIS

It is known as
English horn.

It usually plays

solo passage
expressing sadness
and mystery.
 6. BASSOON

It is longer and larger

than the others.

It looks like two

wooden tubes
fastened together.

When it plays solo, it

often suggests the
humorous or the
grotesque.
7. CONTRABASSOON OR DOUBLE
BASSOON
It is longer than the
bassoon.

-It is folded up
itself, it ends points
upward instead or
down ward like the
others.

-It produces the

lowest tones among
the woodwinds
8. SAXOPHONE

It is not a regular member

of the orchestra.

Although made of brass, it

is classified as woodwind,
equipped with a reed.
Saxophone
OTHER ETHNIC AND
WOOD WIND
INSTRUMENTS FROM
OTHER COUNTRIES.
Ancient
Bagpipe
Bandoneon
Concertina
Concertina
Wood Flute
Djerdue
Dymonwood
Musical
Instrument
Panpipe
Panpipes
Fife
Bulgarian Instrument
DukDuk
Harmonica
Accordion
 C. BRASS INSTRUMENTS

 It is made of cylindrical
brass metal of varying length.
It is either doubled on itself
or coiled [for ease in handling and
expands into a bell-shaped end.
 1. TRUMPET

It produces a
piercing tones
and is
associated with
martial pomp .
 2. THE
HORN

It is called the
French Horn
and is the most
expressive
member of the
brass choir
 TROMBONE

It has sliding u-
shaped tubes that
changes the length
of the vibrating
column of air inside
the tube.

It is called the
slide trombone
Cornet
Tuba
 OTHER ETHNIC AND BRASS
INSTRUMENTS FROM OTHER
COUNTRIES
Serpent
Traditional Swiss Horn
 D. PERCUSSION
INSTRUMENTS
It means the sharp striking of one
body against another.
It is composed of all instruments
played by striking.
It is used to emphasize the rhythm,
generate excitement and enliven
the orchestral sound.
1. KETTLE DRUM OR
TYMPANI

It is a drum made of cattle skin.

Modern Drum Set
Indian Drum
Indigoat
2. CHIMES

It consists of a set of tuned

metal tubes of different lengths,
suspended from a frame and
struck with a hammer.
It is frequently used to imitate
church bells
Eastern Zhou Dynasty Bronze Bells
3. GLOCKENSPIEL

It is a series of tuned
steel plate of various
arranged on a table
like frame.
Bell-Lyre – a
lyre shaped
form attached
when use in the
marching bands.
 4. VIBRAPHONE
It has a metal bars instead of wooden ones.
5. XYLOPHONE

It is made of tuned wooden

blocks which produce clicking
sounds when struck.
The Marimba is an example.
It is associated with exotic
dance music.
OTHER PERCUSSIONS

With indefinite pitch:

brass drum,
tambourine,
castanets, maracas,
Chinese gong
6. CYMBALS
It consists of two
metal plates which
are clapped together
to climate portion of
the music.
Sometimes it is
tapped with a
drumsticks
Rhythm stick
Musical Toy
 OTHER ETHNIC
PERCUSSION
INSTRUMENTS FROM
OTHER COUNTRIES
Ukrainian Musical Collections
Chinese Temple Bock [Percussion]
Marimba
Mira
Javanese
Gamelan
Sanjausta
 Artifact
Percussion
Instruments
Darabuka
Percussion from Bali Java
Rattle Drums
 E. KEYBOARD
INSTRUMENTS
Instruments equipped with
keyboards occasionally
play with the symphony
orchestra.
 1. PIANO
It is the most familiar
keyboard instrument.
It is a stringed
instrument.
It is use to accompany
solo or choral singing.
It is indispensable to
musician in studying their
scores
2. ORGAN
It is once
regarded as the
“King of the
Instrument.”
Bach Tocata
 3. HARPSICHORD

It is a stringed instrument whose strings are pluck by

plectra made from quills leather tongues.
4. CELESTA

It consists of series

of small steel bars
placed over resonators.
It sounds like a soft
chimes.
 II. INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS
1. Orchestra – a big gathering of instrumentalists
with the string instruments as its nucleus.
 2. Band .

It is smaller and mostly

composed of wind and
percussion instruments.
It also performs in town
fiestas.
 Agung

panentekan,

pangandungan,
A Tiruray agung ensemble Karatung

demonstrated at San Francisco State University

 Kulintang

Kutiyapi
 3. Chamber Music.

It is a music performed before small

audiences in private rooms.
STRING TRIO

Violin, Viola,
Cello
Musician from Bosnia
 STRING
QUARTET

It is composed
of 2 violin, a
viola, cello.
 Raleigh Woodwind Quartet
WOODWIND
QUARTET

It is
composed of
flute, oboe,
clarinet,
bassoon and
French horn Diana Cherry flute
Kris Madson oboe
Paul Cherry clarinet
Peter Prim bassoon
 PIANO QUARTET

It is composed of
piano replacing
one of the
violins in the string
quartet.
 OTHER BANDS,
MUSICAL GROUPS
WITH ETHNIC
INSTRUMENTS.
Marimba from Guatemala
Shemisen of Thailand
Kumasi Musician
Calypso Drum [Percussion]
 III. PHILIPINE INSTRUMENTAL GROUP

1. Rondalla – it is the best known Philippine instrumental

grouping today.
It is a band made up mostly of stringed instruments.
a) Banduria – it assumes the lead part and plays the melody.
b) Laud/ Octavina – it carries the alto and contrapuntal
parts.
c) Piccolo- it plays the ornamental passages.
d) Guitarra/ Bajo – it gives solidity to the rhythm and
support the harmony.
Kulintang
 2. MUSIKANG
BUMBONG

It is a set of western – like wind instruments made of bamboo, some

brass instruments, and a bamboo-bodied bass drum.
It is composed of instruments made of bamboo.
It is a Philippine musical ensemble.
3. Pangkat Kawayan – a Philippine musical ensemble composed of
instruments made of bamboo.
a) Bumbong – single note.
b) Talunggating – native of marimba.
c) Tipangklung – the bamboo harp.
d) Gabbang – patterned after the muslim xylophone.
e) Tulali – bamboo flute.
f) Bungkaka – bamboo clapper.
g) Katalok – bamboo knockers.
 THE CONDUCTOR

The person entrusted with the tremendous task of controlling some one
hundred players at a time in an orchestra.
Responsibilities:
a. Selecting the program for each concert.
b. Studies the score-a written record of the
composers work. It contains every single note.
c. It determines how he wants the piece to be play.
d. Rehearsing – is the conductors most important
job.
 THE HUMAN VOICE

It is man’s most wonderful instrument.

It is use by man to express himself through music.
It is an instrument out of man’s inventions.
It is unique
It has the ability to combine two mediums of
communication: SPEECH AND MUSIC.
Philmardrigalsingers
 CLASSIFICATIONS
a. Soprano – female high a. Tenor – male high
pitch. pitch.
b. Alto – female b. Bass – male pitch.
c. Mezzo-Soprano – a
voice combining the
c. Baritone – lying
attributes of both between the tenor
soprano and alto. and bass for male.
Musical Symbol
 Musical Key
Clef
Pitch
Modern Synthesizer
Parts of the Violin
Parts of a typical bell: 1. yoke, 2. crown, 3. head, 4.
shoulder, 5. waist, 6. sound ring, 7. lip, 8. mouth, 9.
clapper, 10. bead line
INNOVATE/RE-CREATE A SONG:
USING THE GROUP ASSIGNED TO YOU:
Pick one song from the movie :
• Then re-create a the lyric using the melody of the
chosen song.
• The theme of the re-created song must center on any
of the following:
School life
Friendship
Family
Love
• You may present and sing it in the classroom with
accompaniment(s)