HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF

COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
ARRANGED BY:
1. YUDA PUSPITA (P1337420517050)
2. SULIS SETYOWATI (P1337420517071)
3. ERLINA ENDAH D B (P1337420517076)
4. KHARISMA RIZKI A (P1337420517078)
5. MUHAMAD YUSUF (P1337420517079)
 DEFINITION
Community health nursing is the product of centuries
of responsiveness and growth
Four general stages mark the
development of public health or
community health nursing.

1. The early home care stage

2. The district nursing stage
3. The public health nursing stage
4. The community health nursing stage
Stages Focus Nursing Service Institutional base
Orientation Emphasis (Agencies)

Early home care Sick poor Individuals Curative Lay and religious
(Before mid Leaders.
1800s)

District nursing Sick poor individuals Curative and Voluntary and

(1860-1900) beginning of some governments
preventive

Public health nursing Needy Families Curative and Government and

public preventive some volunteers
(1900-
1970)

Emergence of Total Population Health promotion Many kinds and some

community independent
community health and practitioners
nursing (1970- illness prevention
present)
The specialty of Community Health
Nursing

Specialized knowledge and skills, and

Focus on a particular set of people receiving
the service.
 Factors Influenced the Growth of
Community Health Nursing

1. Advanced technology
2. Progress in causal thinking

Germ theory disease causation (single cause → single effect)

Tripartite view of disease causation (i.e. agent, host, environment)

Multiple disease causation approach (multiple cause → multiple effect)

3. Changes in Education

When people’s understanding of their environment grows, an

increased understanding of health is usually involved. As a result,
people feel that they have the right to know and question the reason
behind the care they receive. Community health nurses have shifted
from planning for clients to collaborating with clients.
4. Consumer movement
Consumers demanding quality service seek more
comprehensive and co-coordinated care. This movement has
stimulated some basic changes in the philosophy of community
health nursing.
5. Changing demography

Shifting patterns in immigration, number of births and

deaths, and rapidly increasing population of elderly persons
affect community health nursing planning and
programming efforts.
 Economic forces.
Economic forces like unemployment, escalating health care cost,
limited access of health services, and changing health care financing
patterns affected community nursing practices. In order to respond
to these forces community nursing has established new programs and
projects.