THE ENSEMBLE

MEDIUM
BY:
AEMAR APOSTOL
ANIELYN UNTALAN
CARLA ANN TONGIO
RENALYN TAMPUS
HR7D
 ENSEMBLE MEDIUM
• is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal
music, typically known by a distinct name. In classical
music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds
of musical instrument families (such as piano,strings,
and wind instruments) or group together instruments
from the same instrument family, such as string
ensembles or wind ensembles. In jazz ensembles, the
instruments typically include wind instruments (one or
more saxophones, trumpets, etc.), one or two chordal
"comping" instruments (electric guitar, piano,
or organ), abass instrument (electric bass guitar
or double bass), and a drummer or percussionist.
In rock ensembles, usually called rock bands, there
are usually guitars and keyboards (piano, electric
piano, Hammond organ, synthesizer, etc.) and a rhythm
section made up of a bass guitar and drum kit.
ENSEMBLE MEDIUM
 ORCHESTRA
• is a large instrumental ensemble that
contains sections of string, brass,
woodwind, and percussion instruments.
The term orchestra derives from
the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the
area in front of an ancient Greek
stage reserved for theGreek chorus. The
orchestra grew by accretion throughout
the 18th and 19th centuries, but
changed very little in composition during
the course of the 20th century.
ORCHESTRA
 Symphony Orchestra or
Philharmonic Orchestra
• Its a full-size orchestra (about 100 players).
• these modifiers do not necessarily indicate any
strict difference in either
the instrumental constitution or role of the
orchestra, but can be useful to distinguish
different ensembles based in the same city (for
instance, the London Symphony Orchestra and
the London Philharmonic Orchestra). A symphony
orchestra will usually have over eighty musicians
on its roster, in some cases over a hundred, but
the actual number of musicians employed in a
particular performance may vary according to the
work being played and the size of the venue.
 SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA OR
PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA
 CONCERTO
• (from the Italian: concerto, plural concerti or, often,
the anglicised form concertos) is a musical
compositionusually composed in three parts
or movements, in which (usually) one solo instrument
(for instance, a piano, violin, cello orflute)
is accompanied by an orchestra. The etymology is
uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from
the conjunction of the two Latin
words conserere(meaning to tie, to join, to weave)
and certamen (competition, fight): the idea is that the
two parts in a concerto, the soloist and the orchestra,
alternate episodes of opposition, cooperation, and
independence in the creation of the music flow.
CHAMBER ORCHESTRA
• Is a smaller-sized orchestra for this time period (of
about fifty players or fewer) .
CONCERTO
CHAMBER ORCHESTRA
 CONDUCTING
• In orchestra, it is the art of directing
a musical performance by way of
visible gestures. The primary duties
of the conductor are to unify
performers, set the tempo, execute
clear preparations and beats, and to
listen critically and shape the sound
of the ensemble.
Orchestras, choirs, concert
bands and other musical
ensembles often have conductors.
 STRING ORCHESTRA
• is an orchestra composed solely or primarily of
instruments from the string family. These
instruments are the violin, the viola, the cello,
the double bass (sometimes considered an
anomaly because of its resemblance to
theviol family), the piano, the harp, and
sometimes percussion. String orchestras can be
of chamber orchestra size ranging from between
12 (4.3.2.2.1 = 12) and 21 musicians (6.5.4.4.2 =
21) sometimes performing without a conductor, or
consist of the entire string section of a large
symphony orchestra which could have 60
musicians (16.14.12.10.8 = 60; Gurre-Liedercalls
for 84: 20.20.16.16.12).
STRING ORCHESTRA
 Famous Persons known in
String Orchestra:
• Antonio Stradivari (1644 – 18 December 1737) was
an Italian luthier and a crafter of string instruments such
as violins, cellos,guitars, violas, and harps. Stradivari is generally
considered the most significant and greatest artisan in this field.
The Latinizedform of his surname, Stradivarius, as well as the
colloquial, "Strad", is often used to refer to his instruments. It is
estimated that he made 1,000 to 1,100 instruments and that around
650 of these instruments have survivedincluding 450 to 512[violins.
• Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE (22 April 1916 – 12 March
1999) was an American violinist and conductor who spent most of
his performing career in the United Kingdom. He was born to
Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen
of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985. He is
often considered to be one of the greatest violinists of the 20th
century. At the age of four he started learning violin and was already
a brilliant player by the age of seven.
• Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was a highly-
influential American jazz double bassist, composer, bandleader, and
civil rights activist. He prefers to stand up playing the double bass. A
string quartet consists of two violins, a viola and a cello.
 PERCUSSION OF AN
ORCHESTRA
• However, traditionally contains in addition many
instruments that are not, strictly speaking, percussion,
such as whistles and sirens. On the other
hand, keyboard instruments such as the celesta are
not normally part of the percussion section,
but keyboard percussion instruments (which do not
have keyboards) are included.

• Person known in Percussion:

• James "Jimmy" Blades (9 September 1901 – 19 May

1999) was an English percussionist.
• He was one of the most distinguished percussionists
in Western music, with long and varied career. His
book Percussion Instruments and their History (1971)
is a standard reference work on the subject.
 WIND ORCHESTRA
• in the Magic Flute, an opera by Mozart, you will
hear a concert flute played to mimic the sound
of panpipes as characterized by Papageno. A
smaller concert flute is called the piccolo flute
because piccolo means small in Italian. You can
hear the piccolo in the “Nutcracker Suite”, a
composition by Peter Tchaivosky. French
composer Maurice Ravel arranged music,
Pictures at an Exhibition by Modeste Murrogsky
for an orchestra, he chose tuba to represent the
sound of the ox cart.
 Person known in Wind
Orchestra:
• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky , was a Russian composer whose
works included symphonies, concertos, operas, ballets,
and chamber music. Some of these are among the most
popular concert and theatrical music in
the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer
whose music made a lasting impression internationally,
which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conductor
later in his career in Europe and the United States.

• Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev 23 April 1891 – 5 March 1953)

was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor who
mastered numerous musical genres and is regarded as one
of the major composers of the 20th century. His best-known
works include the March from The Love for Three Oranges,
the suite Lieutenant Kijé, the ballet Romeo and Juliet – from
which "Dance of the Knights" is taken – and Peter and the
Wolf. Besides many other works, Prokofiev also composed
five piano concertos, nine completed piano sonatas and
seven symphonies.
 Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of
the 20th century in black communities in the Southern United
States.

• It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions.

Its African pedigree is evident in its use of blue
notes,improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swung
note. From its early development until the present day jazz has also
incorporated music from American popular music.

• As the music has developed and spread around the world it has
drawn on many different national, regional and local musical
cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American
beginnings, to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from
the early 1910s, big band swing, Kansas City jazz and Gypsy
jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s and on
down through West Coast jazz, cool jazz, avant-garde jazz, Afro-
Cuban jazz, modal jazz, free jazz, Latin jazz in various forms,soul
jazz, jazz fusion and jazz rock, smooth jazz, jazz-funk, punk jazz, acid
jazz, ethno jazz, jazz rap, cyber jazz, Indo jazz, M-Base, nu jazz, urban
jazz and other ways of playing the music.

• In a 1988 interview, trombonist J.J. Johnson said, "Jazz is restless.

It won't stay put and it never will"
JAZZ
• Rock Concert refers to a musical
performance in the style of any one of
many genres inspired by "rock and roll" music. While a
variety of vocal and instrumental styles can constitute
a rock concert, this phenomenon is typically
characterized by bandsplaying at least one electric
guitar, an electric bass guitar, and drums. Often, two
guitar players share the tasks of rhythm and lead
guitar playing. Rock concerts also have a social
history which greatly informs the perception of the
linguistic term and the activity itself.

• During the 1950s, several American musical groups

experimented with new musical forms that
fused country music, blues, andswing genre to
produce the earliest examples of "rock and roll." The
coining of the phrase, "rock and roll," is often
attributed to Alan Freed, a disk jockey and concert
promoter who organized many of the first major rock
concerts. Since then, the rock concert has become a
staple of entertainment not only in the United States,
but around the world.
• Bill Graham is widely credited with setting the format and
standards for modern rock concerts. He introduced advanced
ticketing (and later computerized, online tickets), introduced modern
security measures (a reaction to the deaths at the Altamont concert)
and had clean toilets and safe conditions in large venues.

• Rock concerts are often associated with certain kinds

of behavior. Dancing, shouting, singing along with the band, and
ostentatious displays by the musicians are common, though some
very successful rock bands have avoided gratuitous flash in favor of
understated performances focusing on the music itself. Even so,
rock concerts often have a playful atmosphere both for the band and
the audience.

• Like rock music in general, rock concerts are emblematic of

American culture's waning formality. Such concerts were crucial to
the formation of youth identity in the U.S. during a time of social
revolution, and have continued to represent elements of society
frequently seen as "rebellious," especially against the strictures of
mid-twentieth-century social normativities. One of the most well-
known rock concerts was undoubtedly Woodstock, and millions of
much smaller rock concerts go on every year.
 APPRECIATION TO
ORCHESTRA
• When listening to an orchestra, the
listener should not concentrate only in
one section or an individual player. He
should realize that the melodic line
passes from one section to another;
hence he must be alert to follow its
peregrination. The conductor on the
other hand, must give his primary
attention to the section that holds the
melodic line, and should not confine him
only to necessary gestures-this is avoid
unnecessary distracting the listener.