FOUNDATIONS OF

GROUP
BEHAVIOR
& UNDERSTANDING
WORKTEAMS
• define and describe groups & teams
• discuss why people form groups and
managers form teams
• compare various stages of group
FOUNDATIONS OF

GROUP
developments
• identify characteristics
associated with virtual

BEHAVIOR
teams

& UNDERSTANDING
WORKTEAMS
T WO OR MORE EMPLOYEES
WHO INTERACT WITH EACH
O T H E R I N A W AY T H AT
B E H AV I O R S A N D
PERFORMANCES ARE
INFLUENCED BY EACH
 T YPES:
1 . FO R M A L

GROUP
2. INFORMAL

T WO OR MORE PERSONS
WHO INTERACT WITH EACH
O T H E R I N A W AY T H AT
B E H AV I O R S A N D
PERFORMANCES ARE
INFLUENCED BY EACH
 FORMAL GROUPS
- C R E AT E D B Y M A N A G E R I A L
DECISION TO ACCOMPLISH
S T AT E D G O A L S W / N
T H E O R G A N I Z AT I O N

INFORMAL GROUPS
-ARISE FROM INDIVIDUAL
EFFORTS AND DEVELOP
AROUND COMMON INTERESTS
A N D F R I E N D S H I P S R AT H E R
T H A N D E L I B E R AT E D E S I G N
 1.COMMAND GROUPS
- W H E R E S U B O R D I N AT E S
R E P O R T D I R E C T LY T O A
GIVEN SUPERVISOR

2 . TA S K G R O U P
-COMPRISES EMPLOYEES
WHO WORK TOGETHER TO
C O M P L E T E A PA RT I C U L A R
TA S K O R P R O J E C T
 1. INTEREST GROUPS
-OBJECTIVES OF SUCH ARE
SPECIFIC TO EACH GROUP
A N D N O T R E L AT E D T O T H E
O R G A N I Z AT I O N

2. FRIENDSHIP GROUPS
IS FORMED WHEN MEMBERS
SHARE COMMON STIMULI
SUCH AS AGE, GENDER,
POLITICAL BELIEFS, SPORTS,
ETC.
STAGES OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT
M O D E L 1 : T H E F I V E S TA G E M O D E L

S TA G E 1 : F O R M I N G – ” T E S T T H E W AT E R ” S TA G E
S TAG E 2 : S TO R M I N G – C O N S T R A I N T S
S TA G E 3 : N O R M I N G – R E L AT I O N S H I P S F O R M
S TA G E 4 : P E R F O R M I N G – G R O U P F U L LY F U N C T I O N A L
S TAG E 5 : A DJ O U R N I N G – F O R N O N P E R M A N E N T T E A M S ,
TIME TO WRAP UP
STAGES OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT
M O D E L 2 : T H E P U N C T U AT E D – E Q U I L I B R I U M
MODEL (TEMPORARY GROUPS WITH DEADLINES)
“TIME” IS KEY –FROM FIRST MEETING TO OFFICIAL
DEADLINE
PHASE 1: MEET FOR THE FIRST TIME
TRANSITION: HALF OF THE TIME IS USED UP –
CHANGES OCCUR
PHASE 2: EXECUTE THE PLANS COMING OUT OF THE
TRANSITION
WHY PEOPLE FORM
GROUPS?
 ECONOMICS
believe that they can
d r i v e g r e a te r b e n e f i t
when they form  GROUP GOALS
 SATISFACTION OF
NEEDS
 PROXIMIT Y AND
ATTRACTION
WHY PEOPLE FORM
GROUPS?
 ECONOMICS
can be the reason
itself for joining the
group  GROUP GOALS
 SATISFACTION OF
NEEDS
 PROXIMIT Y AND
ATTRACTION
WHY PEOPLE FORM
GROUPS?
 ECONOMICS
 Security
 Social
 GROUP GOALS
 S e l f - e s te e m
 SATISFACTION OF
NEEDS
 PROXIMIT Y AND
ATTRACTION
WHY PEOPLE FORM
GROUPS?
 ECONOMICS
I n te r p e r s o n a l
i n te r a c t i o n
 GROUP GOALS
 SATISFACTION OF
NEEDS
 PROXIMIT Y AND
ATTRACTION
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 S TAT U S H I E R A R C H Y
 STRUCTURE
 ROLES
 NORMS
 LEADERSHIP
 COHESIVENESS
 SOCIAL LOAFING
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 S TAT U S H I E R A R C H Y
- - T H E S TAT U S A S S I G N E D
TO A PA R T I C U L A R
P O S I T I O N I S T Y P I C A L LY A
CONSEQUENCE OF
C E R TA I N
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S T H AT
D I F F E R E N T I AT E O N E
POSITION TO ANOTHER
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 STRUCTURE
- - T H E P AT T E R N O F
R E L AT I O N S H I P S A M O N G
THE POSITIONS

- - T H E W AY G R O U P A R E
B U I LT, A R R A N G E D ,
ORGANIZE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 ROLES

EACH MEMBER IN THE

GROUP HAS AN
A S S O C I AT E D R O L E T H AT
CONSISTS OF THE
E X P E C T E D B E H AV I O R S
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 ROLES
PERCEIVED ROLE–
S E T O F B E H AV I O R S A
PERSON IS BELIEVED TO
ENACT

ENACTED ROLE –
B E H AV I O R A P E R S O N
A C T U A L LY C A R R I E S O U T
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 NORMS

G E N E R A L LY A G R E E D - U P O N
S TA N D A R D S O F
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP
B E H AV I O R D E V E L O P E D A S
A R E S U LT O F M E M B E R
INTERACTION OVER TIME
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 NORMS

G E N E R A L LY A G R E E D - U P O N
S TA N D A R D S O F
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP
B E H AV I O R D E V E L O P E D A S
A R E S U LT O F M E M B E R
INTERACTION OVER TIME
E X A M P L E S O F P O S I T I V E A N D N E G AT I V E N O R M S
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 LEADERSHIP

IS A CRUCIAL
CHARACTERISTIC SINCE A
LEADER OF A GROUP
EXERTS INFLUENCE OVER
GROUP MEMBERS
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 COHESIVENESS

WHEN GROUPS POSSESS

C L O S E N E S S , AT T R A C T I O N ,
G E N E R A L LY R E G A R D E D A S
FORCE ACTING ON
MEMBER TO REMAIN IN
THE GROUP
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
SOURCES OF
AT T R A C T I O N

o GOALS OF THE GROUP

o C H A R I S M AT I C L E A D E R
o G R O U P ’ S R E P U T AT I O N
o GROUP SMALL ENOUGH ALLOWING
MEMBERS TO BE HEARD
o MEMBERS SUPPORT ONE ANOTHER
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
 SOCIAL LOAFING

TENDENCY TO SHIRK
RESPONSIBILITIES AND
N O T T O C A R R Y A FA I R
SHARE OF THE LOAD IS
NOT AN ISSUE IN
COHESIVE TEAMS AND
GROUPS.