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1/17/2019 1
Displacement based and traction
based method
1/17/2019 2
Steps involved in thetraction based
method
• Map stresses from full model to the cut boundary.
• Map normals from element centroids to element nodes.
• Get tractions from stresses and normals.
• Apply traction to the cut boundary.
𝒕 = 𝝈 𝒏
S S SS S S
S S S
S S S
S S S
S S S
1/17/2019 3
Comparison of the results
Sub Model
Full Model
Displacement Traction
(lbf)
FY 0 8.0826e-003 -2.6056e-003
FZ 0 -0.10454 7.9195e-002
1/17/2019 4