INTERMOLECULAR

FORCE
Force acting between a molecule
OBJECTIVE
• Compare the intramolecular and intermolecular forces
• Identify the types of intermolecular forces
• Identify the relationship between the state of substance and the
intermolecular forces present
INTRAMOLECULAR
Forces INSIDE a molecule

INTERMOLECULAR
Forces acting BETWEEN the
molecules
 PURE SUBSTANCE

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

METALS NON METALS

IONIC
COVALENT

POLAR

NON POLAR
Types of intermolecular forces
• The intermolecular forces discussed here are all attractive in
nature. However, keep in mind that repulsive forces also exist
between molecules.
• A compound can have more than one type of IMFA.
ions
• an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or
gain of one or more electrons

• An anion is an ion that carries a negative charge, causing it to

migrate to the anode (positive electrode) in electrolysis. It has
more electrons than protons, resulting in the negative charge.
Anions are nonmetals.
• A cation is an ion that carries a positive charge, causing it to
migrate to the cathode (negative electrode) in a electrolysis. It
has more protons than electrons, resulting in the positive
charge. Cations are metals.
EFFECTS OF
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES IN
PHASES OF MATTER
PHASES OF MATER
• SOLID
• It has the strongest intermolecular force
• The atoms/ molecules are contained with no spaces

LIQUID And GAS

weak intermolecular force because of the atoms have spaces or
farther with one another.
MELTING POINT
• Refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given
amount of solvent at a specified temperature.

BOILING POINT
• It is the temperature at which the substance changes from liquid
to gas. Similar to melting point, stronger intermolecular forces
means greater amount of energy is needed to break the
attractive forces between molecules
MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT
• If the molecule stick together more, they’ll be tougher to break
apart.
• Strong intermolecular force = higher melting and boiling point.
VISCOSITY
• Is a measure of how well substance flow
• Strong intermolecular force the higher the visocity

Solute
Solvent
Surface tension
• Measure of toughness of the surface of a liquid
• Strong intermolecular force the higher the surface tension

Vapour pressure
• This is a small amount of gas that is found above all liquids
• Stronger intermolecular forces the LOWER vapour pressure.
Ranking molecules in order of melting point
and boiling point
• Check periodic table for melting and boiling point