Research

Terminologies
GROUP 2 – ST. TERESA OF
AVILA
 Conceptual Definition
 Conceptual definition are often expressed in general,
theoretical, subjective, or qualitative terms. The
research hypothesis usually starts at this level. To
measure conceptual definition, an objective
definition is often required. This may involve having
an easily available validated instrument, inferring an
operational variable from theory, establishing
consensus or all three. During this process, one
needs to decide on measurement scale.
 Operational Definitions

Operational definitions were made popular by

physicist Percy Bridgeman necessitated by Einsteins
theory of relativity (e.g. “time” is very difficult to
define)

A. an operational defininition establishes a term by

describing the set
of manipulations necessary to create the
presence of the object.,
or by describing the measuring
operations which identify the terms presence.
 2 types of Operational Definition
 a. Experimental operational definitions describe how a terms referents
are manipulated.
E.g. "hunger" = length of time without food.
Then someone without food for 24 hours would be “hungrier” than
someone without for 12 hours.

And an operational definition of "Chocolate cake" - the recipe to make it.

 b. Measured operational definitions describe how referents of a term

are measured.

eg. "hunger" - the amount of food (by weight, volume, or calory content)
consumed.

"Chocolate cake" - a description of the flavor., texture, appearance & other

properties of the cake.
 Assumption

An assumption is
something that you
assume to be the case,
even without proof.
 Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a
specific statement
of prediction
 Document
 In general, a document (noun) is a record or the
capturing of some event or thing so that the
information will not be lost. Usually, a document is
written, but a document can also be made with
pictures and sound. A document usually adheres to
some convention based on similar or previous
documents or specified requirements. Examples of
documents are sales invoices, wills and deeds,
newspaper issues, individual newspaper stories,
oral history recordings, executive orders, and
product specifications.
 To document a fact, event, or other
thing is to record or annotate it,
meaning to put it into some relatively
permanent form so that it can be
retrieved later.
 Outline

 outline is a “blueprint” or “plan” for

your paper. It helps you to organize
your thoughts and arguments. A good
outline can make conducting research
and then writing the paper very
efficient. Your outline page must
include your:
 Paper Title Thesis statement
 Major points/arguments indicated by
Roman numerals (i.e., I, II, III, IV, V,
etc.)
 Support for your major points,
indicated by capital Arabic numerals
(i.e., A, B, C, D, E, etc.)
outline will constitute three
main sections: the
Introduction, the Body
and the Conclusion.