SAMPLING AND SAMPLING

DISTRIBUTIONS
INTRODUCTION

Gathering useful information for a research study

from a large group of individuals or objects, does
not only involve a great deal of time , but is costly,
as well. It is also impractical. Sometimes, it is even
impossible to collect data from the research
population that is too large.
 The terminologies relevant to sampling
are as follows:

 SAMPLE – the selected part of the population is known as sample

 SAMPLE SIZE – the number of the people in the selected sample is known as
sample size
 SAMPLE FRAME – means the list of individual or people included in the same. It
reflects who will be included in the sample. For making a sampling frame, the
researcher has to make a list of names and details of all items of the sample.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE – it refers to the technique or procedure used to select the
members of the sample. There are various types of sampling techniques.
What is SAMPLING?

It is the process or technique of selecting a

representative sample from the entire
population.
It is the process of selecting the part of the
population.
What is POPULATION?

It refers to the entire group of individuals or objects

known to have similar characteristics.
What is a SAMPLE?

It is the subset of the entire population

 TWO MAJOR TYPES OF SAMPLING

1. PROBABILITY  is a type of sampling where each member of the population has a known
probability of being selected in the sample. When a population is highly homogeneous, its
each member has a known chance of being selected in the sample.

For example, if we want to pick some sugar from any part of a bag containing sugar;
the selected part will have similar characteristics. In such a case, each member has an equal
chance of being selected in a sample.
 TWO MAJOR TYPES OF SAMPLING

2. NON-PROBABILITY  is a type of sampling where each member of the population does not
have known probability of being selected in the sample. In this type of sampling, each
member of the population does not get an equal chance of being selected in the sample.

For example, to study impacts of domestic violence on children, the researcher

will not interview all the children but will interview only those children who are subjected to
domestic violence . Hence, the members cannot be selected randomly. The researcher will
use his judgment to select the members.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

2. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
3. STRATIFIED SAMPLING
4. CLUSTER OR AREA SAMPLING
5. MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING
What is a SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING?

It is a sampling technique in which every element of

the population has the same probability of being
selected for inclusion in the sample.
 STEPS
EXAMPLE: A researcher wants to study
the effects of social media on Grade
11 students in HNHS. He wishes to use
the simple random sampling
technique in choosing the members
of his sample. If there are 1000 Grade
11 students in the school, how many
students should there be in his
sample? Discuss the steps he must
take if he wishes to use the lottery
method.
1. Determine the number of students that should be in
the sample. Use the Slovin’s Formula.
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒²
2. Assign a number to each member of the
population.
3. Write the numbers on pieces of paper with the
same size and shape. Fold the pieces of paper.
4. Put all the folded pieces of paper in a bowl or box.
5. Without looking, randomly pick out the computed 𝑛
folded pieces from the bowl or box.
What is SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING?

Is a random sampling technique in which a list of elements

of the population is used as a sampling frame and the
elements to be included in the desired sample are selected
by skipping through the list at regular intervals.
 STEPS
EXAMPLE: In a group of 180 workers,
how will you select a sample of 36
workers by using the systematic
sampling technique?
1. Prepare a sampling frame by randomly arranging
the total N.
2. Assign each worker a number (N)
3. Find the sampling interval k. Divide the population
size N by the sample size n.
𝑁
k=
𝑛
4. Select a number from the whole numbers between
0 and k+1 by simple random technique.
5. Use the selected number as the starting number.
6. Select every kth sample from the sample frame
starting from the starting number.
What is STRATIFIED SAMPLING?

Is a random sampling technique in which the population is

first divided into strata and then samples are randomly
selected separately from each stratum.
 STEPS

1. Make a table:
EXAMPLE: You want to interview 200
students in your school to determine Population Number of Students per Sample
their opinion on the new school (N) Strata (n)
uniform. How are you going to 2. Subdivide the population into several strata.
choose you sample by using the
stratified sampling if there are 1,200 3. Compute the sample size in strata using :
students in grade 7; 1,100 in Grade 8; Sample = (
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎
)(n)
1,050 in Grade 9; 940 in Grade 10; 900 𝑁

in Grade 11; and 810 in Grade 12? Note: Sometimes the computation will result to one less
than the value of n. If this happens, round up one of
the data to the next integer.
What is CLUSTER OR AREA SAMPLING?

Is a random sampling technique in which the entire

population is broken into small groups, or clusters, and then,
some of the cluster are randomly selected.
 STEPS
EXAMPLE: A researcher wants
to determine who among the
families in Hinunangan are
using the new detergent
product. How is she going to
do this using cluster sampling
technique?
1. Divide the population into clusters. Use barrios
as clusters.
2. Not all the barrios in the town will be included
in the sample. Choose the final barrios by
using either the simple random sampling or a
systematic sampling technique.
3. Not all the families in each selected barrio will
be included in the study. Select the final
families to be included in the sample by either
a simple random sampling or the systematic
random sampling technique.
What is MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING?

Is a complex form of cluster sampling. Each cluster of the

sample is further divided into smaller clusters and members
are selected from each smaller cluster randomly. It involves
many stages.
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1.Purposive Sampling
2.Convenience Sampling
3.Snow Ball Sampling
4.Quota Sampling
What is PURPOSIVE SAMPLING?

Is a type of sampling where the members for a sample are

selected according to the purpose of the study.
What is CONVENIENCE SAMPLING?

Is a type of sampling where the members for a sample are

selected on the basis of their convenient accessibility.
What is SNOW-BALL SAMPLING?

It is also known as the chain sampling. It is a type of

sampling where one respondent identifies other
respondents (from his friends or relatives) the study. It is
adopted in the study where it is difficult to identify the
sample of the study.
What is QUOTA SAMPLING?

It is a type of sampling, where the members are selected

according to some specific characteristics chosen by the
researcher.
Example basis : Age; sex; religion; profession; ethnicity;
interest…
THANK YOU!!! 