Quick

Is civil disobedience
effective without
violence?
 The Breakdown of “Civil Disobedience”

Definition
Civil Disobedience-
Refusal to obey laws, or
commands of the government
**Usually a peaceful protest
Think About It:
Is civil disobedience good for
our society? Why or why not?

3 ways to protest
1. Legal process- court system/chain of
command
2. Civil disobedience- peacefully protesting
3. Civil disobedience accompanied with violence

Let it sink in:

*Think about which type of protest would be more effective.
 Civil
disobedience can
Facts
We be peaceful
Know

Civil disobedience
can be violent
 **How To Make Your Argument:
These steps
STEP 1 should help you
Find information of non-violent or create your
violent protesting that worked. argument

Make sure your

STEP 2 idea relates to
What specifically happened the debate
that eventually changed the topic
laws?

STEP 3 Is civil disobedience effective

What do you want the audience without violence?
to know based on the
information? Tell us.
 How To Keep A Reference Sheet
Keep a log of where you get your information from- it’s vital. Your arguments
are invalid without a reference sheet! ! Reference sheet is MANDATORY & will
be apart of your grade. **3 references per team mate!!!

Follow each step:

1. Open Microsoft Word

2. Save the document as “REFERENCE SHEET”
3. File should be on your team captain’s account # and in the “My
Documents” folder
4. Copy & paste links used off the internet into your word document
5. For articles, newspapers, or magazines (non-internet resources)
You need to type:
 Name of the magazine or newspaper
 Date the article was published
 Article title & author
Example: Time Magazine. 2015. The Year of the Protest. Johnson, Don
***References should be combined into 1 word document. It’s
MANDATORY***
 How to
write an
opening &
Closing
statement
You’re only as strong as your weakest link!

Strong debates come from a strong team

If your teammate is struggling, HELP them
Share your research with each other- you will be better
prepared. Team should know both pro/con sides!
Anyone in your group should be able to argue at any
moment of the debate
Copy & paste all sub-arguments on to
msfergy7ela.pbworks.com
Respectfully hold each other accountable.
You are a TEAM, everyone depends on each other.
Opening Statement Must
Haves:
 An Intro
 At least 3 main ideas/arguments (the
arguments must have an assertion,
reasoning, and evidence)
Assertion- a statement that you’re trying to
prove with an argument
Reasoning- The “because” part of your
argument, offering support for your
assertion.
Evidence- Support for your reasoning,
using historical, statistical or scientific
information.
**Will be using lots of “logos”
Conclusion- Wrap up your speech remind
the audience of what your main
ideas/arguments were!
Assertion, reasoning, and
evidence…how to use them.
Assertion: Boxing is intended to harm the
participants.
*What is the argument?*
Reasoning: Unlike other sports, in which physical
collisions and body damage occurs, the point of
boxing is to do harm to an opponent. The goal in
boxing is the “knock-out”- unconsciousness that
is the result of brain damage.
*State your reasons behind the argument*
Evidence: And boxers succeed in doing a great
deal of harm. Leavander Johnson died from
brain injures, both Quarry brothers passed away
before the age off 55 from a lifetime of beatings.
According to the Journal of Combat Sport as
many as 1,000 boxers have died in the past
century with many thousands more seriously
injured.
*Find facts that support your reasons and use
LOGOS to make your argument credible*
 The Opening Statement Tips & Tricks:

 Do you have repetition or a slogan?

o A good speech will remind the audience of their main argument, a slogan like
King’s “I Have a Dream” repeats to the point that the audience will forever
remember it.
 Speech should be 2-3 minutes in length
o If you’re handwriting it, it should be about 3-4 pages.
o If you are below the 2 minute mark you will not be considered proficient!
 Usually the opening is more of a logical/expert argument.
o You are listing your facts and evidence
o The closing is more emotional
 Use great persuasive & academic language! (It will make you
and your team sound intelligent!)
 You will not be interrupted!
 Practice your speech!
Closing Statement Must
Haves:
 Restate your debate teams 3 main
ideas/arguments
o Remind the audience of your most
important ideas
o Do not introduce new information
o Use the same slogan or repetition
that was used in the opening
statement
o You are a team you should sound
similar in style! In order to do this
you must communicate with each
other!
 Make an emotional connection with the
audience (USING PATHOS!)
o It can be a sad, funny, or serious
connection.
 Use imagery or figurative language
(similes, metaphors, etc.)
 The closing statement must be at least
1-2 minutes.
Closing Statement Tips &
Tricks:
 The closing statement is the most
important part of the presentation.
People are most likely to remember the
closing because it’s what they last
heard last.
 The closing should summarize the
main ideas of the debate and
leave the audience wanting to vote
for your team for the win.
 Emphasize the keys points (main
ideas) of your debate!
 There are no rebuttals during this
section, you will not be interrupted.
 Practice your speech from start to
finish
 Really work on the delivery of your
speech!
 Remember body language, eye
contact and confidence gets the
win!
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
MAIN
ARGUMENTS &
SUB-ARGUMENTS
 As You May Know…
 The debate topic is: Smoking should be banned on campus
o This is the main topic you are trying to prove right or wrong.

Debate Topic/Thesis
Make your
Smoking should be banned argument:
*argument: a reason
on campus
or set of reasons
given with an aim to Points (A) and (B)
persuade others that will be explored in
an idea is right or body paragraphs,
wrong will likely form the
topic sentences of
Because of the Because of the those body
health repercussions environmental paragraphs, and
repercussions. will be supported
Argument 1 by more claims
or Point (A) Argument 2 or specific to each
Point (B) point, or sub-
claims.
 Arguments Flow Chart *Sub-arguments: are
Debate Topic/Thesis specific details that
Smoking should be banned further prove your
on campus argument as valid.

Argument 2 or
Argument 1 Point (B)
or Point (A)
Because of the
Because of the
environmental
health repercussions
repercussions

Sub-
Sub- The cigarette ash is
Argument 1 The cigarette butts
Argument 2 killing the grass in
are harming animals
Smoking campus green
Smoking affects on campus.
affects areas.
students with students with Sub-Argument 1
asthma. Sub-Argument 2
allergies
 Main Argument & Sub-Argument Tips:

Think about it this way:

• Every time a writer presents a claim(argument), the reader likely asks, “What
support do you have for that claim?”
 So, when the writer argues, “Smoking should be banned on campus,”
• The reader asks, “What support do you have for that claim?”
 2. And the writer responds with, “Because I’ve found that there are
health and environmental repercussions.”
• Then, when the reader asks, “What support do you have for your claim that
there are health and environmental repercussions to smoking on campus?”
 The writer can say, “Well, smoking negatively affects students suffering
from asthma as well as those who have allergies, and the pollution
caused by cigarettes is harming animals and killing the grass.”

 Each major claim strengthens the writer’s thesis, and each sub-claim supports
one of the writer’s major claims; additionally, the claims get increasingly
specific as they move from main points to sub-claims.
How to
Make a

Rebutta
l
 First, what is all of this?
Counter claim:
o The opposition’s argument.
Example: If you’re for bringing
cellphones to school, your opposing
team will be against it.
o Think about what the other side
will argue and spin it to your
advantage.
Always attack their strongest
points!
Rebuttal:
o Evidence used to contradict,
counter, or refute the counter-
claim.
o Acknowledge their strongest
point.
o *Say: Yes, this is true but this
is why your argument is
weak.
Example: Yes, bringing cellphones to
school causes distractions but it
helps students learn in different
ways.
You must be able to support
rebuttal with evidence!!
 Counterclaim/Rebuttal Outline

Rebuttal Steps Rebuttal Graphic Organizer

1. Topic Sentence Introduce counter-claim

2. Give Rebuttal What do you think the opposing side will

say?

3. Give Evidence Why is the opposing side absolutely

positively wrong?

4. Direct Quote Text written word for word to support why

argument is weak.

5. Explanation Explain how the quote shows the opposing

side’s argument is weak.
 What it should look like…
1. Topic sentence:
o Put yourself in their shoes.
o What reasons might they use?
Example:
My opponents, those opposed to cellphone usage in school, will most likely point out that
cellphones distract students from their learning.

2. Rebuttal:
o Now we have to give a reason why their claim is flawed. Make sure to you are able to
back up your reason with evidence.
Example:
However, studies have shown that students who used their cellphones for educational
purposes, their test scores increased.

3. Support your rebuttal with hardcore evidence!

Example:
According to the nea.org, “Students who used cellphones in class were 23% more likely to
do homework, and study for a test. This usage allowed students to obtain better grades”(
Graham 2015). Not only does the nea.org disprove my opposition’s claim, it strengthens
my argument that you should have cellphone usage in the classroom.

Evidence=green Explanation=orange
 Rebuttal Tips & Tricks:
 Argument is only as strong as your evidence
o Make sure the evidence you use for your
rebuttal is valid and CONVINCING
 Rebuttal’s should match up with their arguments.
o Rebuttal 1 does argument 1 along with the
sub-arguments
BOOM…t
 Don’t have to DISPROVE just weaken it!
o The counterclaim given is true but you need to
have a counter claim to debunk the opponents
here ya
ideas.
o Example: go!
Yes, fracking creates jobs for the community
BUT…what exactly do those jobs entail?

 Use transition words and phrases like:

o However…
o Although…
o In contrast…
o Conversely…