CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING

TECHNOLOGY

DMA1112: MACHINING TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING
TECHNOLOGY
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Machine Tools
1.2.1 History of Machine Tools
1.2.2 Standard Machine Tools
1.2.2.1 Drill Press
1.2.2.2 Engine Lathe
1.2.2.3 Milling Machine
1.2.2.3 Sawing Machine
1.3 Benefits of Technology in Machining
Practical : None
 1.1 INTRODUCTION
MACHINING DEFINITION

Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines machining as “to process

by or as if by machine; especially; to reduces or finish by or as if
by turning, shaping, planning, or milling by machine-operated
tools”. To be added, machining is using machine tools to cut
materials to desired sizes and shapes.
1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2 Machine Tools
1.2.1 History of Machine Tools
1.2.2 Standard Machine Tools
1.2.2.1 Drill Press
1.2.2.2 Engine Lathe
1.2.2.3 Milling Machine
1.2.2.3 Sawing Machine
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2.1 HISTORY OF MACHINE TOOLS

History of machining

Humans have used machine tools for centuries; from very primitive
forms to advancing and high levels of technology, precision and
efficiency. Earlier machine tools were man powered and animals or
water or steam. Finally, electricity.
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2.2 STANDARD MACHINE TOOLS

Standard machine tools or commonly used machine tools are generally power-driven metal
cutting or forming machines used to shape metals. Each machine is designed and suited for specific
applications. Many are greatly improved versions of the earliest hand-held and hand-powered tools
using the same basic principles of operations. Others are completely different technologies that have
been developed recently. Machine tools are referred to as either conventional (or manual) or CNC
types. Example of standard or commonly used machine tools are;

1. Drill Press

2. Engine Lathe

3. Milling Machine

4. Sawing Machine
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2.2.1 DRILL PRESS

• The drill press or drilling machine, probably the first mechanical devices developed
prehistorically, is used primarily to produces round holes

• Drill press performs hole-making operations by pushing a rotating cutting tool into the work
piece.

• It provide greater power and control than hand-held electric drills when performing hole-making
operations and available in different styles and sizes depending on type of work.
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2.2.2 ENGINE LATHE

• Engine lathe is one of the most versatile and oldest tools in machining. The principal operation
of the engine lathe is to rigidly hold and rotate a work piece against a cutting tool.

• The tools travel along the outside of the work piece to shave off material and produce
cylindrical parts.

• Straight turning, tapering, facing, drilling, boring, reaming, and thread cutting are some of the
common operations performed on a lathe.
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS

1.2.2.3 MILLING MACHINE

• Milling machines are primarily used to machine flat and angled surfaces by feeding a
workpiece into a rotating cutting tools to remove material.

• In a simple word, milling machine use rotating cutters moved across a part to remove
material.

• Milling conventional types perform accurate holemaking operations and produce flat
surfaces. While, CNC version can cut curves and contours.
 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS
1.2.2.3 SAWING MACHINE

• Commonly, called saws. Sawing machine uses multi-tooth saw blades to perform
cutting.

• There are four common types of sawing machines:

1) The power hacksaw

2) The band saw

3) The abrasive cut-off saw

4) The cold saw

• The power hacksaw is the mostly used in any workshop.

 1.3 BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY IN MACHINING

• There are some benefits or we called it as the role of machining in society.

• People, manufacturing and machining are the most effected while the technology are continually
improved.
• In aerospace, automotive, and motorsport industries are rely heavily on machining and machine
tools. For example; the gears, wheel, bolt and nut, engine, drive train and other part are using
machining operations to produce precisely.
• Medical fields is one of major example. Machine tools produce many medical devices that are used
in today’s high tech surgical procedures. One of the best known are artificial heart.
• Durable goods and consumable goods;
1. Durable goods such as hardware, glass product, metal can, hand tools that using molding, foming dies, forging dies and others.

2. Consumable goods such as clothing, paper or plastics packaging, even some foods are shaped by using food molding.
 Question
1. Define the term machining.

2. List the standard machine tools used in workshop.

3. Name the common operations performed by lathe machine.

4. Explain briefly the benefits of technology in machining

towards automotive industry.
References
• Peter Hoffman, Eric Hopewell and Brian Janes (2015), “Precision Machining
Technology”, Second Edition, Cengage Learning, USA.
• S. F. Krar, J. W. Oswald and J. E. St. Amand (1986), “Technology of Machine
Tools”, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill.