LESSON 1:

IN THE BEGINNING
(Big Bang Theory and Formation of
the Light Elements)
 CONTENT How the elements found in the universe were formed
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to
demonstrate an understanding of:
CONTENT 1.the formation of the elements during the Big Bang
STANDAR and during stellar evolution
D
2.the distribution of the chemical elements and the
isotopes in the universe
At the end of the quarter, you will able to make a
PERFORMANC
E
creative representation of the historical development
STANDARD of the atom or the chemical element in a timeline
At the end of the lesson, you will have to give evidence
LEARNING
COMPETENCIE
for and explain the formation of the light elements in
S the Big Bang theory.
 PHYSICAL SCIENCE
It is a branch of
natural science that
studies non-living
systems, in contrast
to life science. It in
turn has many
branches, each
referred to as a
"physical science",
together called the
"physical sciences".
CHEMISTRY
KEY TERMS
1. Cosmology -
2. Big Bang theory/Big Bang model-
3. Nucleosynthesis -
4. Singularity -
5. Inflation -
6. Annihilation -
7. Recombination -
8. Redshift -
9. Relative abundance -
10. Cosmic microwave background –
 is a branch of astronomy that
involves the origin and
evolution of the universe, from
the Big Bang to today and on
into the future.
through which specific groups of
elements were formed
1. Big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light
elements (H, He, and Li).
2. Stellar formation and evolution formed the
elements heavier than Be to Fe.
3. Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the
elements heavier than Fe.
 explains how the elements
were initially formed the
formation of different
elements involved many
nuclear reactions,
including fusion, fission
and radioactive decay
 part of its proof is the amounts of
H and He we have in the universe
today.
 a point in space
and/or a moment
in time where the
universe was
infinitely hot and
dense
 is a theory of exponential
expansion of space in the early
universe. The inflationary
epoch lasted from 10−36
seconds.
 is the process that creates new
atomic nuclei from pre-existing
nucleons, primarily protons
and neutrons.
1
 refers to the epoch at which
charged electrons and protons
first became bound to form
electrically neutral hydrogen
atoms.
 in physics, reaction in which a
particle and its antiparticle collide
and disappear, releasing energy.
 the displacement of
spectral lines toward
longer wavelengths (the
red end of the
spectrum) in radiation
from distant galaxies
and celestial objects.
 is electromagnetic radiation
left over from an early stage of
the universe in Big Bang
cosmology.
 is electromagnetic radiation
left over from an early stage of
the universe in Big Bang
cosmology.
 ACTIVITY
BEFORE
and AFTER
INFLATION
 ACTIVITY
Instructions:
1) Stick small stickers randomly on
the surface of the uninflated
balloon.
2) Quickly inflate the balloon with a
pump or your breath.
3) Observe the stickers.
 ACTIVITY
Answer the following questions:
• Why do the stickers appear to be
moving away from each other?
• Are the stickers moving across the
balloon?
• Do the stickers themselves grow in
size?
 are the smallest unit of matter
that have all the properties of an
element. They composed of
smaller subatomic particles as
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
 indicates the
number of protons
in an atom. In a
neutral atom, number of
protons is equal to the
number of electrons.
 is equal to the sum of the number
of protons and neutrons.
 refer to atoms
with the same
atomic number
but different
atomic
masses.
 which are positively or negatively
charged particles, have the same
number of protons in different
number of electrons.
References:
• Santiago, K.. et. Al (2016). Exploring Life Though
Science Series: Senior High School Physical Science.
Phoenix Publishing House.
• Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Physical
Science. CHED in collaboration with PNU.
•Photo credits: various internet websites
Disclaimer:
The photos used in this slideshow presentation is not
owned by the author and were just used for educational
purposes only.