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Presentation
on
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Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fiel
SAMEER ANAND
1-1
Part 1:
Vector Analysis
Vector Addition
Associative Law:
Distributive Law:
1-3
Rectangular Coordinate System
1-4
Point Locations in Rectangular Coordina
tes
1-5
Differential Volume Element
1-6
Summary
1-7
Orthogonal Vector Components
1-8
Orthogonal Unit Vectors
1-9
Vector Representation in Terms of Orthogona
l Rectangular Components
1-10
Summary
1-11
Vector Expressions in Rectangular Coor
dinates
General Vector, B:
Magnitude of B:
1-12
Example
1-13
Vector Field
where r = (x,y,z)
1-14
The Dot Product
Commutative Law:
1-15
Vector Projections Using the Dot Product
1-16
Projection of a vector on another vector
Operational Use of the Dot Product
Given
Find
Note also:
1-18
Cross Product
1-19
Operational Definition of the Cross Product in Recta
ngular Coordinates
Begin with:
where
Therefore:
Or…
1-20
Vector Product or Cross Product
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
1-22
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
1-23
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
1-24
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
1-25
Differential Volume in Cylindrical Coordinate
s
dV = dddz
1-26
Point Transformations in Cylindrical Coordin
ates
1-27
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in Cylindrical and Rect
angular Coordinate Systems
1-28
Example
Transform the vector, into cylindrical coordinates:
Start with:
Then:
1-29
Example: cont.
Finally:
Spherical Coordinates
1-31
Spherical Coordinates
1-32
Spherical Coordinates
1-33
Spherical Coordinates
1-34
Spherical Coordinates
1-35
Spherical Coordinates
1-36
Differential Volume in Spherical Coordinates
dV = r2sindrdd
1-37
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in the Spherical
and Rectangular Coordinate Systems
1-38
Example: Vector Component Transformation
Transform the field, , into spherical coordinates and components
1-39
Constant coordinate surfaces-
Cartesian system
If we keep one of the coordinate v
ariables constant and allow the
other two to vary, constant coordin
ate surfaces are generated in rectan
gular, cylindrical and spherical coor
dinate systems.
We can have infinite planes:
X=constant,
Y=constant,
Z=constant
These surfaces are perpendicular to x, y and z axes respectively.
1-40
Constant coordinate surfaces-
cylindrical system
Orthogonal surfaces in cylindrical coordin
ate system can be generated as
ρ=constnt
Φ=constant
z=constant
ρ=constant is a circular cylinder,
Φ=constant is a semi infinite plane with it
s edge along z axis
z=constant is an infinite plane as in the
rectangular system.
1-41
Constant coordinate surfaces-
Spherical system
Orthogonal surfaces in spherical c
oordinate system can be generated
as
r=constant
θ=constant
Φ=constant
1-43
Differential elements in Cylindrical
coordinate systems
1-44
Differential elements in Spherical
coordinate systems
1-45
Line integrals
1-46
Surface integrals
1-47
Volume integrals
1-48
DEL Operator
1-49
Gradient of a scalar field
The gradient of a scalar field V is a vector that represents the
magnitude and direction of the maximum space rate of increase of V.
For Cartesian Coordinates
1-50
Divergence of a vector
In Cartesian Coordinates:
In Cylindrical Coordinates:
In Spherical Coordinates:
1-51
Gauss’s Divergence theorem
1-52
Curl of a vector
1-53
Curl of a vector
In Cartesian Coordinates:
In Cylindrical Coordinates:
In Spherical Coordinates:
1-54
Stoke’s theorem
1-56
Laplacian of a scalar
1-57
Laplacian of a scalar
1-58
THANKS
1-59