Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
urinalysis
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
The function of the urinary
system
HCO 3 – bicarbonate
NaCl – sodium chloride
K – potassium
H2O – water
H – hydrogen
NH3 - amonia
Components of urine
Components of urine
Collection requirements
Physical
Chemical
Microscopic
Physical examination of urine
• Cells • Bacteria
• Crystal • Yeasts
• Casts • Parasites
Other tests
STIs - chlamydia
The manual
dipstick test
Do’s and don’ts
DO
Follow manufacturers instruction.
Ensure the sample is in the correct container for the
test required (red/white top).
Ensure correct reagent strips are selected for the
required test. Discuss.
Always check and record the appearance of the
urine sample.
Return the top on the reagent strip bottle.
TIMING IS ESSENTIAL for reliable results.
Do’s and don’ts
DON’T
Remove the desiccant from the reagant strip
bottle.
Touch the test areas of the strip.
Take out more strips than are required for
immediate use.
Quality control
Sample requirements
Patients should instructed on how to collect
the sample.
Sterile containers should be used to collect
the sample
All samples must be properly labelled with the
patient ID.
Ensure the sample is in the correct container
for the test required.
The first sample on waking should be used for
microalbumInuria as other samples may be
less concentrated.
Patient instruction
‘How should I collect and store a urine sample?” NHS choices (11/10/2013)
http://www.nhs.uk/chq/pages/how-should-i-collect-and-store-a-urine-
sample.aspx?CategoryID=69&SubCategoryID=692
Materials/equipment required
for dipstick testing
Reagent/test strips – in-date and stored
correctly
Watch
Urine sample in suitable container
Gloves
Good lighting
Access to hand washing and drying
Suitable room (sluice) for testing
Suitable waste disposal - discuss
Manual Test procedure
① Wear gloves.
② Ensure the sample is in the correct
container.
③ Check the appearance of the sample
and record results.
④ Ensure the strips have been stored
properly & are in-date.
⑤ Remove the cap, take out strip and
replace the cap on the bottle.
Manual Test procedure
⑥ Using the appropriate reagent strip
completely immerse all reagent areas
into the sample. Dip briefly and remove
immediately to avoid dissolving out the
reagents.
⑦ While removing the strip, run the edge
against the rim of the urine container to
remove excess urine.
⑧ Hold the strip in a horizontal position to
prevent possible mixing of chemicals
from the adjacent areas.
Manual Test procedure
If all Negative-
nitrite, leucocytes,
blood, protein -
discard
Test with reagent
clear
strip
If any Positive –
nitrates,
Urine sample Visual appearance
leucocytes, blood,
protein = UTI
Send for C&S /
Obviously infected
treat
Any questions?