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Professionnel Documents
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Content
• History of computer
• Generation of Computer
• Classification of computers
• Architecture of computer
• Overview of Computer
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Computer
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Computer Architecture
Application
Operating
System
Compiler Firmware
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History of computer
History of computer
• Abacus,1st mechanical
computing device was
developed by the
Chinese.
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History of computer
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History of computer
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History of computer
• In 1673, gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz, a
German invented
the Leibniz
calculator.
• It can perform
addition, subtraction
& multiplication
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History of computer
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History of computer
• In 1822, Charles
Babbage a professor of
mathematics at
Cambridge university
devised a difference
machine
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History of computer
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History of computer
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ENIAC
• In 1946, The Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC), University of Pennsylvania.
• Weighed 30 tons
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EDVAC
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UNIVAC
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1st Language
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1st Integrated Circuit
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BASIC Language
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1st IC company
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1st Microprocessor
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1st Microprocessor
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1st PC
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Internet
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Website
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New Technology
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New Technology
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Generation of Computer
Generation of computers
vacuum tubes
First generation (1945 -1956)
• Expensive
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First generation (1945 -
1956)…
• Machine language - one process at a time
• Output - printouts
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First Transistor
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Second Generation (1956 -
1963)
Transistors
Second Generation (1956 -
1963)
• Circuit - Transistor (1947) replaces vacuum tubes
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Second Generation (1956
-1963)
• Input - punch cards
• Output - printouts
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Third Generation (1964 -1971)
Integrated circuits
Third Generation (1964 -1971)
• Input - keyboard
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Third Generation (1964 -1971)
• Output - monitor
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Fourth Generation (1971 -
present)
Microprocessor
Fourth Generation (1971 -
present)
• Circuit - microprocessor
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Fourth Generation (1971 -
present)…
• In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh.
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Fifth Generation (present -
beyond)
Artificial intelligence
Fifth Generation (present -
beyond)
• Fifth generation computing devices, based on
Artificial Intelligence, are still in development
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Classification of computers
Classification of computers
• Microcomputer
• Minicomputer
• Mainframe
• supercomputer
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Microcomputer
• Smallest computer
• Single user
• Small computer
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Mainframe
• Government organization….
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Supercomputer
• Largest computer
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Architecture of computer
Von Neumann Architecture
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Data & control flow
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Components
• Memory
• Input device
• Output device
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Central Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit
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Memory
• Hard disk
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Non Volatile memory
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Hard Disk
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Tapes
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Floppy Disk
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Input Device
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Scanner
• Bar Code Recognition
• Voice Input
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Input devices
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Output device
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Overview of Computer
• What's software ?
• What's hardware ?
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Hardware
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Software
• Application Software
Operations to be carried out for specific applications.
• System Software
Program written for the system that provides the environment
to facilitate the writing for various applications.
• Utility Software
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Computer Languages
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Tools of Computer Language
• Assembler
• Loader
• Compiler
• Interpreter
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Computer Language
Loader
Input Source Compiler Interpreter Machine Level
HLL Object File Code
Memory
Assembler
Assemble Language Machine Level Loader
Code Code
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References
• Webliography
– http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Softwar
e/2002/FiveGenerations.asp
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
• Bibliography
– Computer organization - Deepak tatpuje
– Fundamentals of Computers-V.Rajaraman
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